3、34道MySQL练习题及答案

作业

  1. 取得每个部门最高薪水的人员名称

    第一步:取得每个部门最高薪水(按照部门编号分组,找出每一组最大值)
    select deptno,max(sal) maxsal from emp group by deptno;
     +--------+---------+
        | deptno | maxsal  |
        +--------+---------+
        |     20 | 3000.00 |
        |     30 | 2850.00 |
        |     10 | 5000.00 |
        +--------+---------+
    
    第二步:将以上结果当作临时表t,t表和emp e表进行连接,
    条件是:t.deptno = e.deptno and t.maxsal = e.sal
    
    select e.ename,t.* from (select deptno,max(sal) maxsal from emp group by deptno) t join emp e on t.deptno = e.deptno and t.maxsal = e.sal;
    
        +-------+--------+---------+
        | ename | deptno | maxsal  |
        +-------+--------+---------+
        | BLAKE |     30 | 2850.00 |
        | SCOTT |     20 | 3000.00 |
        | KING  |     10 | 5000.00 |
        | FORD  |     20 | 3000.00 |
        +-------+--------+---------+
    
  2. 哪些人的薪水在部门的平均薪水之上

    第一步:找出每个部门的平均薪水
    select deptno,avg(sal) avgsal from emp group by deptno;
    +--------+-------------+
    | deptno | avgsal      |
    +--------+-------------+
    |     20 | 2175.000000 |
    |     30 | 1566.666667 |
    |     10 | 2916.666667 |
    +--------+-------------+
    
    第二步:找出比平均薪水高的人
    select e.deptno,e.ename,e.sal,t.avgsal from (select deptno,avg(sal) avgsal from emp group by deptno) t join emp e on e.deptno =t.deptno where e.sal>t.avgsal;
    +--------+-------+---------+-------------+
    | deptno | ename | sal     | avgsal      |
    +--------+-------+---------+-------------+
    |     30 | ALLEN | 1600.00 | 1566.666667 |
    |     20 | JONES | 2975.00 | 2175.000000 |
    |     30 | BLAKE | 2850.00 | 1566.666667 |
    |     20 | SCOTT | 3000.00 | 2175.000000 |
    |     10 | KING  | 5000.00 | 2916.666667 |
    |     20 | FORD  | 3000.00 | 2175.000000 |
    +--------+-------+---------+-------------+
    
  3. 取得部门中(所有人的)平均的薪水等级

    select deptno,avg(grade) from emp e join salgrade s on e.sal between losal and hisal group by deptno;
    +--------+------------+
    | deptno | avg(grade) |
    +--------+------------+
    |     20 |     2.8000 |
    |     30 |     2.5000 |
    |     10 |     3.6667 |
    +--------+------------+
    平均的薪水等级:先计算每一个薪水的等级,然后找出薪水等级的平均值。
    平均薪水的等级:先计算平均薪水,然后找出每个平均薪水的等级值。
    
  4. 不准用组函数(Max),取得最高薪水

    第一种方案:降序
    select ename,sal from emp order by sal desc limit 1;
    +-------+---------+
    | ename | sal     |
    +-------+---------+
    | KING  | 5000.00 |
    +-------+---------+
    
    第二种方案:表的自连接
    select distinct a.sal from emp a join emp b on a.sal <b.sal;
    --同一个表中的数据大小相比较,取a中的,a中的小于b中的全部取出来了,则a中最大的就剩下了,然后看哪一个不在这个结果中就是最大的。
    select sal from emp where sal not in(select distinct a.sal from emp a join emp b on a.sal <b.sal);
    +---------+
    | sal     |
    +---------+
    | 5000.00 |
    +---------+
    
  5. 取得平均薪水最高的部门的部门编号

    第一种方案:降序取第一个
    	第一步:找出每个部门的平均薪水
    	select deptno,avg(sal) from emp group by deptno;
    	+--------+-------------+
        | deptno | avg(sal)    |
        +--------+-------------+
        |     20 | 2175.000000 |
        |     30 | 1566.666667 |
        |     10 | 2916.666667 |
        +--------+-------------+
        第二步:select deptno,avg(sal) avgsal from emp group by deptno order by avgsal desc 	limit 1;
        +--------+-------------+
        | deptno | avgsal      |
        +--------+-------------+
        |     10 | 2916.666667 |
        +--------+-------------+
        
    第二种方案:max
    	select max(avgsal) from (select avg(sal) avgsal from emp group by deptno) t;
    	select deptno,avg(sal) avgsal from emp group by deptno having avgsal =(select max(avgsal) from (select avg(sal) avgsal from emp group by deptno)t);
    	
    	+--------+-------------+
        | deptno | avgsal      |
        +--------+-------------+
        |     10 | 2916.666667 |
        +--------+-------------+
    
  6. 取得平均薪水最高的部门的部门名称

    第一步:找出每个部门的平均薪水的等级
    select d.dname,avg(sal) avgsal from emp e join dept d on e.deptno=d.deptno group by d.dname order by avgsal desc limit 1;
    
    +------------+-------------+
    | dname      | avgsal      |
    +------------+-------------+
    | ACCOUNTING | 2916.666667 |
    +------------+-------------+
    
  7. 求平均薪水的等级最低的部门的部门名称

    mysql> select deptno,avg(sal) avgsal from emp group by deptno;
    +--------+-------------+
    | deptno | avgsal      |
    +--------+-------------+
    |     20 | 2175.000000 |
    |     30 | 1566.666667 |
    |     10 | 2916.666667 |
    +--------+-------------+
    3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> select * from (select deptno,avg(sal) avgsal from emp group by deptno) t join salgrade s on t.avgsal between losal and hisal order by grade limit 1 ;
    +--------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
    | deptno | avgsal      | GRADE | LOSAL | HISAL |
    +--------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
    |     30 | 1566.666667 |     3 |  1401 |  2000 |
    +--------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
    
    select dname from dept where deptno =(select deptno from (select deptno,avg(sal) avgsal from emp group by deptno) t join salgrade s on t.avgsal between losal and hisal order by grade limit 1);
    +-------+
    | dname |
    +-------+
    | SALES |
    +-------+
    
  8. 取得比普通员工(员工代码没有在mgr字段上出现的)的最高薪水还要高的领导人姓名

    先找出是领导的,值为null的排除掉
    select distinct mgr from emp where mgr is not null;
    +------+
    | mgr  |
    +------+
    | 7902 |
    | 7698 |
    | 7839 |
    | 7566 |
    | 7788 |
    | 7782 |
    +------+
    找出普通员工;即编号不在以上结果中的都是普通员工
    select max(sal) from emp where empno not in(select distinct mgr from emp where mgr is not null);
    +----------+
    | max(sal) |
    +----------+
    |  1600.00 |
    +----------+
    找出薪资高于以上结果的领导的新明
    select ename,sal from emp where sal >(select max(sal) from emp where empno not in(select distinct mgr from emp where mgr is not null));
    
    +-------+---------+
    | ename | sal     |
    +-------+---------+
    | JONES | 2975.00 |
    | BLAKE | 2850.00 |
    | CLARK | 2450.00 |
    | SCOTT | 3000.00 |
    | KING  | 5000.00 |
    | FORD  | 3000.00 |
    +-------+---------+
    
  9. 取得薪水最高的前五名员工

    select ename,sal from emp order by sal desc limit 5;
    +-------+---------+
    | ename | sal     |
    +-------+---------+
    | KING  | 5000.00 |
    | SCOTT | 3000.00 |
    | FORD  | 3000.00 |
    | JONES | 2975.00 |
    | BLAKE | 2850.00 |
    +-------+---------+
    
  10. 取得薪水最高的第六到第十名员工

    select ename,sal from emp order by sal desc limit 5,5;
    +--------+---------+
    | ename  | sal     |
    +--------+---------+
    | CLARK  | 2450.00 |
    | ALLEN  | 1600.00 |
    | TURNER | 1500.00 |
    | MILLER | 1300.00 |
    | WARD   | 1250.00 |
    +--------+---------+
    
  11. 取得最后入职的5名员工。

    select ename,hiredate from emp order by hiredate desc limit 5;
    +--------+------------+
    | ename  | hiredate   |
    +--------+------------+
    | ADAMS  | 1987-05-23 |
    | SCOTT  | 1987-04-19 |
    | MILLER | 1982-01-23 |
    | JAMES  | 1981-12-03 |
    | FORD   | 1981-12-03 |
    +--------+------------+
    
  12. 取得每个薪水等级有多少员工

    select grade,count(grade) from emp e join salgrade s on e.sal between losal and hisal group by grade;
    +-------+--------------+
    | grade | count(grade) |
    +-------+--------------+
    |     1 |            3 |
    |     3 |            2 |
    |     2 |            3 |
    |     4 |            5 |
    |     5 |            1 |
    +-------+--------------+
    
  13. 面试题

    有3个表S(学生表),C(课程表),SC(学生选课表)

    S(SNO,SNAME)代表(学号,姓名)

    C(CNO,CNAME,CTEACHER)代表(课号,课名,教师)

    SC(SNO,CNO,SCGRADE)代表(学号,课号,成绩)

    问题:

    请用标准SQL语言写出答案,方言也行(请说明是使用什么方言)。

    CREATE TABLE SC
    (
      SNO      VARCHAR(200),
      CNO      VARCHAR(200),
      SCGRADE  VARCHAR(200)
    );
    
    CREATE TABLE S
    (
      SNO    VARCHAR(200 ),
      SNAME  VARCHAR(200)
    );
    
    CREATE TABLE C
    (
      CNO       VARCHAR(200),
      CNAME     VARCHAR(200),
      CTEACHER  VARCHAR(200)
    );
    
    INSERT INTO C ( CNO, CNAME, CTEACHER ) VALUES ( '1', '语文', '张'); 
    INSERT INTO C ( CNO, CNAME, CTEACHER ) VALUES ( '2', '政治', '王'); 
    INSERT INTO C ( CNO, CNAME, CTEACHER ) VALUES ( '3', '英语', '李'); 
    INSERT INTO C ( CNO, CNAME, CTEACHER ) VALUES ( '4', '数学', '赵'); 
    INSERT INTO C ( CNO, CNAME, CTEACHER ) VALUES ( '5', '物理', '黎明'); 
    commit;
     
    INSERT INTO S ( SNO, SNAME ) VALUES ( '1', '学生1'); 
    INSERT INTO S ( SNO, SNAME ) VALUES ( '2', '学生2'); 
    INSERT INTO S ( SNO, SNAME ) VALUES ( '3', '学生3'); 
    INSERT INTO S ( SNO, SNAME ) VALUES ( '4', '学生4'); 
    commit;
     
    INSERT INTO SC ( SNO, CNO, SCGRADE ) VALUES ( '1', '1', '40'); 
    INSERT INTO SC ( SNO, CNO, SCGRADE ) VALUES ( '1', '2', '30'); 
    INSERT INTO SC ( SNO, CNO, SCGRADE ) VALUES ( '1', '3', '20'); 
    INSERT INTO SC ( SNO, CNO, SCGRADE ) VALUES ( '1', '4', '80'); 
    INSERT INTO SC ( SNO, CNO, SCGRADE ) VALUES ( '1', '5', '60'); 
    INSERT INTO SC ( SNO, CNO, SCGRADE ) VALUES ( '2', '1', '60'); 
    INSERT INTO SC ( SNO, CNO, SCGRADE ) VALUES ( '2', '2', '60'); 
    INSERT INTO SC ( SNO, CNO, SCGRADE ) VALUES ( '2', '3', '60'); 
    INSERT INTO SC ( SNO, CNO, SCGRADE ) VALUES ( '2', '4', '60'); 
    INSERT INTO SC ( SNO, CNO, SCGRADE ) VALUES ( '2', '5', '40'); 
    INSERT INTO SC ( SNO, CNO, SCGRADE ) VALUES ( '3', '1', '60'); 
    INSERT INTO SC ( SNO, CNO, SCGRADE ) VALUES ( '3', '3', '80'); 
    commit;
    
    
    • 1、找出没选过“黎明”老师的所有学生姓名。

      --先找出黎明所教的课程号
      select cno from c where cteacher='黎明';
      --在选课表中选了黎明的课的学生
      select distinct sno from sc where cno = (select cno from c where cteacher='黎明');
      --查找没有选课的学生的姓名
      select sname from s where sno not in(select distinct sno from sc where cno = (select cno from c where cteacher='黎明'));
      +-------+
      | sname |
      +-------+
      | 学生3 |
      | 学生4 |
      +-------+
      
    • 2、列出2门以上(含2门)不及格学生姓名及平均成绩。

      --找出两门不及格学生的sno
      select sno from sc where scgrade <60 group by sno having count(sno)>2;
      +------+
      | sno  |
      +------+
      | 1    |
      +------+
      --求平均成绩
      select sname,avg(scgrade) from sc join s on sc.sno=s.sno group by sname;
      --加入条件
      select sname,avg(scgrade) from sc join s on sc.sno=s.sno where s.sno=(select sno from sc where scgrade <60 group by sno having count(sno)>2) group by sname;
      +-------+--------------+
      | sname | avg(scgrade) |
      +-------+--------------+
      | 学生1 |           46 |
      +-------+--------------+
      
      
      ---另一种方法
      select
      	sc.sno, s.sname, count(*) as studentNum
      from
      	sc
      join
      	s
      on 
      	sc.sno = s.sno
      where
      	sc.scgrade < 60
      group by
      	sc.sno, s.sname
      having
      	studentNum >= 2;
      
    • 3、即学过1号课程又学过2号课所有学生的姓名。

      --学过1号课程的学生
      select s.sno, s.sname from sc join s on sc.sno = s.sno where cno = 1
      --学过2号课的
      select sno from sc where cno = 2;
      --合并:从学过1号课的学生中找学过2号课的
      select s.sno, s.sname from sc join s on sc.sno = s.sno
      where cno = 1 and s.sno in (select sno from sc where cno = 2);
      +------+-------+
      | sno  | sname |
      +------+-------+
      | 1    | 学生1 |
      | 2    | 学生2 |
      +------+-------+
      --另一种方法
      select sno,sname from s where sno in (select sno from sc where cno = 2) and s.sno in (select sno from sc where cno = 2);
      +------+-------+
      | sno  | sname |
      +------+-------+
      | 1    | 学生1 |
      | 2    | 学生2 |
      +------+-------+
      
  14. 列出所有员工及领导的姓名

    --a表是员工表,b表是领导表。连接条件就是员工的领导编号=领导的员工编号。即:a.mgr = b.empno
    --所有的员工的领导都必须显示出来,所以用左外连接
    select a.ename '员工',b.ename '领导' from emp a left join emp b on a.mgr =b.empno;
            +--------+-------+
            | 员工   | 领导  |
            +--------+-------+
            | SMITH  | FORD  |
            | ALLEN  | BLAKE |
            | WARD   | BLAKE |
            | JONES  | KING  |
            | MARTIN | BLAKE |
            | BLAKE  | KING  |
            | CLARK  | KING  |
            | SCOTT  | JONES |
            | KING   | NULL  |
            | TURNER | BLAKE |
            | ADAMS  | SCOTT |
            | JAMES  | BLAKE |
            | FORD   | JONES |
            | MILLER | CLARK |
            +--------+-------+
    --做一个空处理
    select a.ename '员工',ifnull(b.ename,'领导自己') '领导' from emp a left join emp b on a.mgr =b.empno;
            +--------+----------+
            | 员工   | 领导     |
            +--------+----------+
            | SMITH  | FORD     |
            | ALLEN  | BLAKE    |
            | WARD   | BLAKE    |
            | JONES  | KING     |
            | MARTIN | BLAKE    |
            | BLAKE  | KING     |
            | CLARK  | KING     |
            | SCOTT  | JONES    |
            | KING   | 领导自己 |
            | TURNER | BLAKE    |
            | ADAMS  | SCOTT    |
            | JAMES  | BLAKE    |
            | FORD   | JONES    |
            | MILLER | CLARK    |
            +--------+----------+
    
    
  15. 列出受雇日期早于其直接上级的所有员工的编号,姓名,部门名称

    --早于:小于
    select a.empno,a.deptno,a.ename from emp a join emp b on a.mgr = b.empno where a.hiredate < b.hiredate;
        +-------+--------+-------+
        | empno | deptno | ename |
        +-------+--------+-------+
        |  7369 |     20 | SMITH |
        |  7499 |     30 | ALLEN |
        |  7521 |     30 | WARD  |
        |  7566 |     20 | JONES |
        |  7698 |     30 | BLAKE |
        |  7782 |     10 | CLARK |
        +-------+--------+-------+
    
    --再用以上表与部门表连接
    select t.empno,t.ename,d.dname from dept d join (select a.empno,a.deptno,a.ename from emp a join emp b on a.mgr = b.empno where a.hiredate < b.hiredate) t on d.deptno = t.deptno;
    
        +-------+-------+------------+
        | empno | ename | dname      |
        +-------+-------+------------+
        |  7369 | SMITH | RESEARCH   |
        |  7499 | ALLEN | SALES      |
        |  7521 | WARD  | SALES      |
        |  7566 | JONES | RESEARCH   |
        |  7698 | BLAKE | SALES      |
        |  7782 | CLARK | ACCOUNTING |
        +-------+-------+------------+
    
  16. 列出部门名称和这些部门的员工信息,同时列出那些没有员工的部门

    select d.dname,e.* from dept d left join emp e on e.deptno = d.deptno;
    
    +------------+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
    | dname      | EMPNO | ENAME  | JOB       | MGR  | HIREDATE   | SAL     | COMM    | DEPTNO |
    +------------+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
    | ACCOUNTING |  7934 | MILLER | CLERK     | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 |    NULL |     10 |
    | ACCOUNTING |  7839 | KING   | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 |    NULL |     10 |
    | ACCOUNTING |  7782 | CLARK  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 |    NULL |     10 |
    | RESEARCH   |  7902 | FORD   | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
    | RESEARCH   |  7876 | ADAMS  | CLERK     | 7788 | 1987-05-23 | 1100.00 |    NULL |     20 |
    | RESEARCH   |  7788 | SCOTT  | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1987-04-19 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
    | RESEARCH   |  7566 | JONES  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 |    NULL |     20 |
    | RESEARCH   |  7369 | SMITH  | CLERK     | 7902 | 1980-12-17 |  800.00 |    NULL |     20 |
    | SALES      |  7900 | JAMES  | CLERK     | 7698 | 1981-12-03 |  950.00 |    NULL |     30 |
    | SALES      |  7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 |    0.00 |     30 |
    | SALES      |  7698 | BLAKE  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 |    NULL |     30 |
    | SALES      |  7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 |     30 |
    | SALES      |  7521 | WARD   | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 |  500.00 |     30 |
    | SALES      |  7499 | ALLEN  | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 |  300.00 |     30 |
    | OPERATIONS |  NULL | NULL   | NULL      | NULL | NULL       |    NULL |    NULL |   NULL |
    +------------+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
    
  17. 列出至少有5个员工的所有部门

    select dname,count(*) 部门人数 from dept d left join emp e on d.deptno = e.deptno group by dname having 部门人数>=5;
    
    +----------+----------+
    | dname    | 部门人数 |
    +----------+----------+
    | RESEARCH |        5 |
    | SALES    |        6 |
    +----------+----------+
    
  18. 列出薪金比"SMITH"多的所有员工信息

    select * from emp where sal>(select sal from emp where ename='SMITH');
    
    +-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
    | EMPNO | ENAME  | JOB       | MGR  | HIREDATE   | SAL     | COMM    | DEPTNO |
    +-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
    |  7499 | ALLEN  | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 |  300.00 |     30 |
    |  7521 | WARD   | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 |  500.00 |     30 |
    |  7566 | JONES  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 |    NULL |     20 |
    |  7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 |     30 |
    |  7698 | BLAKE  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 |    NULL |     30 |
    |  7782 | CLARK  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 |    NULL |     10 |
    |  7788 | SCOTT  | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1987-04-19 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
    |  7839 | KING   | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 |    NULL |     10 |
    |  7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 |    0.00 |     30 |
    |  7876 | ADAMS  | CLERK     | 7788 | 1987-05-23 | 1100.00 |    NULL |     20 |
    |  7900 | JAMES  | CLERK     | 7698 | 1981-12-03 |  950.00 |    NULL |     30 |
    |  7902 | FORD   | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
    |  7934 | MILLER | CLERK     | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 |    NULL |     10 |
    +-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
    
  19. 列出所有"CLERK"(办事员)的姓名及其部门名称,部门的人数.

    --先找出姓名和部门名称
    select ename,dname from emp e join dept d on e.deptno = d.deptno where job='CLERK';
    +--------+------------+
    | ename  | dname      |
    +--------+------------+
    | SMITH  | RESEARCH   |
    | ADAMS  | RESEARCH   |
    | JAMES  | SALES      |
    | MILLER | ACCOUNTING |
    +--------+------------+
    --找出部门人数
    select deptno,count(*) cc from emp group by deptno;
    +--------+----+
    | deptno | cc |
    +--------+----+
    |     20 |  5 |
    |     30 |  6 |
    |     10 |  3 |
    +--------+----+
    
    --表连接
    --先找出每个员工所在部门的人数,再找出办事员所在坐在部门
    select ename,dname,cc from emp e join (select deptno,count(*) cc from emp group by deptno) t on t.deptno=e.deptno join dept d on e.deptno = d.deptno where job='CLERK';
    
  20. 列出最低薪金大于1500的各种工作及从事此工作的全部雇员人数

    select job,count(job) from emp group by job having min(sal) >1500;
    +-----------+------------+
    | job       | count(job) |
    +-----------+------------+
    | MANAGER   |          3 |
    | ANALYST   |          2 |
    | PRESIDENT |          1 |
    +-----------+------------+
    
  21. 列出在部门"SALES"<销售部>工作的员工的姓名,假定不知道销售部的部门编号

    --找出销售部的部门编号
    select deptno from dept where dname='SALES';
    --找出部门编号为以上的员工的姓名
    select ename from emp where deptno=(select deptno from dept where dname='SALES');
    
    +--------+
    | ename  |
    +--------+
    | ALLEN  |
    | WARD   |
    | MARTIN |
    | BLAKE  |
    | TURNER |
    | JAMES  |
    +--------+
    
  22. 列出薪金高于公司平均薪金的所有员工,所在部门,上级领导,雇员的工资等级

    select e.ename '员工',d.dname '部门',ifnull(f.ename,'领导自己') '领导',s.grade from emp e 
    join dept d on d.deptno=e.deptno
    left join emp f on e.mgr=f.empno		--这里用左连接,要保证所有的员工都存在
    join salgrade s on e.sal between losal and hisal
    where e.sal >(select avg(sal) from emp);
    +-------+------------+----------+-------+
    | 员工  | 部门       | 领导     | grade |
    +-------+------------+----------+-------+
    | FORD  | RESEARCH   | JONES    |     4 |
    | SCOTT | RESEARCH   | JONES    |     4 |
    | CLARK | ACCOUNTING | KING     |     4 |
    | BLAKE | SALES      | KING     |     4 |
    | JONES | RESEARCH   | KING     |     4 |
    | KING  | ACCOUNTING | 领导自己  |     5 |
    +-------+------------+----------+-------+
    
  23. 列出与"SCOTT"从事相同工作的所有员工及部门名称

    --先找出scott所从事工作
    select job from emp where ename='SCOTT';
    
    +---------+
    | job     |
    +---------+
    | ANALYST |
    +---------+
    --表连接
    select ename,job,dname from emp e join dept d on d.deptno=e.deptno
    where job=(select job from emp where ename='SCOTT') and ename <> 'SCOTT';
    +-------+---------+----------+
    | ename | job     | dname    |
    +-------+---------+----------+
    | FORD  | ANALYST | RESEARCH |
    +-------+---------+----------+
    
  24. 列出薪金等于(部门30中员工的薪金)的其他员工的姓名和薪金

    --先找出部门30中的员工的薪金
    select distinct sal from emp where deptno=30;
    +---------+
    | sal     |
    +---------+
    | 1600.00 |
    | 1250.00 |
    | 2850.00 |
    | 1500.00 |
    |  950.00 |
    +---------+
    
    --找出其他的
    select ename,sal from emp where sal in (select distinct sal from emp where deptno=30)
    and deptno <> 30;
    Empty set (0.00 sec)
    
  25. 列出薪金高于(在部门30工作的所有员工的薪金)的员工姓名和薪金.部门名称.

    --先找出部门30工作的所有员工的最高薪金
    select max(sal) from emp where deptno = 30;
    +----------+
    | max(sal) |
    +----------+
    |  2850.00 |
    +----------+
    
    select ename,sal,dname from emp e join dept d on d.deptno=e.deptno where sal>(select max(sal) from emp where deptno = 30);
    +-------+---------+------------+
    | ename | sal     | dname      |
    +-------+---------+------------+
    | JONES | 2975.00 | RESEARCH   |
    | SCOTT | 3000.00 | RESEARCH   |
    | KING  | 5000.00 | ACCOUNTING |
    | FORD  | 3000.00 | RESEARCH   |
    +-------+---------+------------+
    
  26. 列出在每个部门工作的员工数量,平均工资和平均服务期限.

    • 在mysql中怎么计算两个日期的“年差”,差了多少年。

      TimeStampDiff(间隔日期,前一个日期,后一个日期)
      timestampdiff(YEAR,hiredate,now());
      间隔类型:
              SECOND 		秒
              MINUTE 		分钟
              HOUR		小时
              DAY			天
              WEEK		星期
              MONTH		月
              QUARTER		季度
              YEAR		年
      
    select dname '部门',count(ename) '员工数量',ifnull(avg(sal),0) '平均薪资',avg(timestampdiff(year,hiredate,now())) '平均服务年限' 
    from dept d left join emp e on d.deptno = e.deptno group by dname;
    
    +------------+----------+-------------+--------------+
    | 部门        | 员工数量  | 平均薪资     | 平均服务年限  |
    +------------+----------+-------------+--------------+
    | ACCOUNTING |        3 | 2916.666667 |      39.0000 |
    | RESEARCH   |        5 | 2175.000000 |      36.8000 |
    | SALES      |        6 | 1566.666667 |      39.3333 |
    | OPERATIONS |        0 |    0.000000 |         NULL |
    +------------+----------+-------------+--------------+
    
  27. 列出所有员工的姓名、部门名称和工资

    select ename,dname,sal from emp e join dept d on d.deptno=e.deptno;
    +--------+------------+---------+
    | ename  | dname      | sal     |
    +--------+------------+---------+
    | SMITH  | RESEARCH   |  800.00 |
    | ALLEN  | SALES      | 1600.00 |
    | WARD   | SALES      | 1250.00 |
    | JONES  | RESEARCH   | 2975.00 |
    | MARTIN | SALES      | 1250.00 |
    | BLAKE  | SALES      | 2850.00 |
    | CLARK  | ACCOUNTING | 2450.00 |
    | SCOTT  | RESEARCH   | 3000.00 |
    | KING   | ACCOUNTING | 5000.00 |
    | TURNER | SALES      | 1500.00 |
    | ADAMS  | RESEARCH   | 1100.00 |
    | JAMES  | SALES      |  950.00 |
    | FORD   | RESEARCH   | 3000.00 |
    | MILLER | ACCOUNTING | 1300.00 |
    +--------+------------+---------+
    
  28. 列出所有部门的详细信息和人数

    select d.*,count(ename) '人数' from dept d left join emp e on e.deptno=d.deptno group by deptno,dname,loc;
    
    +--------+------------+----------+------+
    | DEPTNO | DNAME      | LOC      | 人数 |
    +--------+------------+----------+------+
    |     10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |    3 |
    |     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |    5 |
    |     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |    6 |
    |     40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON   |    0 |
    +--------+------------+----------+------+
    
  29. 列出各种工作的最低工资及从事此工作的雇员姓名

    --先找出每个工作以及最低工资
    select job,min(sal) minsal from emp group by job;
    +-----------+---------+
    | job       | minsal  |
    +-----------+---------+
    | CLERK     |  800.00 |
    | SALESMAN  | 1250.00 |
    | MANAGER   | 2450.00 |
    | ANALYST   | 3000.00 |
    | PRESIDENT | 5000.00 |
    +-----------+---------+
    --找出工资为最低工资的人的姓名-表连接
    select ename,t.* from emp e join (select job,min(sal) minsal from emp group by job)t on t.job=e.job and e.sal = t.minsal;
    
    +--------+-----------+---------+
    | ename  | job       | minsal  |
    +--------+-----------+---------+
    | SMITH  | CLERK     |  800.00 |
    | WARD   | SALESMAN  | 1250.00 |
    | MARTIN | SALESMAN  | 1250.00 |
    | CLARK  | MANAGER   | 2450.00 |
    | SCOTT  | ANALYST   | 3000.00 |
    | KING   | PRESIDENT | 5000.00 |
    | FORD   | ANALYST   | 3000.00 |
    +--------+-----------+---------+
    
  30. 列出各个部门的MANAGER(领导)的最低薪金

    select deptno,min(sal) from emp where job='MANAGER' group by deptno;
    +--------+----------+
    | deptno | min(sal) |
    +--------+----------+
    |     20 |  2975.00 |
    |     30 |  2850.00 |
    |     10 |  2450.00 |
    +--------+----------+
    
  31. 列出所有员工的年工资,按年薪从低到高排序

    select ename,sal*12 yearsal from emp order by yearsal;
    +--------+----------+
    | ename  | yearsal  |
    +--------+----------+
    | SMITH  |  9600.00 |
    | JAMES  | 11400.00 |
    | ADAMS  | 13200.00 |
    | WARD   | 15000.00 |
    | MARTIN | 15000.00 |
    | MILLER | 15600.00 |
    | TURNER | 18000.00 |
    | ALLEN  | 19200.00 |
    | CLARK  | 29400.00 |
    | BLAKE  | 34200.00 |
    | JONES  | 35700.00 |
    | SCOTT  | 36000.00 |
    | FORD   | 36000.00 |
    | KING   | 60000.00 |
    +--------+----------+
    
  32. 求出员工领导的薪水超过3000的员工名称与领导名称

    select e.ename '员工',f.ename '领导' from emp e join emp f on e.mgr = f.empno where f.sal>3000;
    +-------+------+
    | 员工  | 领导 |
    +-------+------+
    | JONES | KING |
    | BLAKE | KING |
    | CLARK | KING |
    +-------+------+
    
  33. 求出部门名称中,带’S’字符的部门员工的工资合计、部门人数

    select dname,count(ename) '人数',ifnull(sum(sal),0) '工资总和' from emp e right join dept d on d.deptno =e.deptno where dname like '%S%' group by dname;
    
    +------------+------+----------+
    | dname      | 人数 | 工资总和 |
    +------------+------+----------+
    | RESEARCH   |    5 | 10875.00 |
    | SALES      |    6 |  9400.00 |
    | OPERATIONS |    0 |     0.00 |
    +------------+------+----------+
    
  34. 给任职日期超过30年的员工加薪10%

    --先找出任职日期超过30年的员工
    update emp set sal =sal*1.1 where timestampdiff(year,hiredate,now())>30;
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很抱歉,我无法提供完整的MySQL数据库题库练习题答案解析。但是,我可以给您提供一些常见的MySQL面试题,希望能对您有所帮助。 1. 什么是MySQL?它的特点是什么? 答:MySQL是一种开源的关系型数据库管理系统,它拥有以下特点: - 开源、免费 - 跨平台性 - 高性能 - 可扩展性 - 可定制性 - 安全性 2. 如何在MySQL中创建表? 答:可以使用以下语句来创建表: ``` CREATE TABLE table_name( column1 datatype, column2 datatype, column3 datatype, ..... columnN datatype, PRIMARY KEY (one or more columns) ); ``` 3. 如何在MySQL中插入数据? 答:可以使用以下语句来插入数据: ``` INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3, ..., columnN) VALUES (value1, value2, value3, ..., valueN); ``` 4. 如何在MySQL中更新数据? 答:可以使用以下语句来更新数据: ``` UPDATE table_name SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2, ... WHERE condition; ``` 5. 如何在MySQL中删除数据? 答:可以使用以下语句来删除数据: ``` DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition; ``` 6. 如何在MySQL中查询数据? 答:可以使用以下语句来查询数据: ``` SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table_name WHERE condition ORDER BY column_name ASC|DESC LIMIT count OFFSET offset; ``` 7. 如何在MySQL中连接多个表? 答:可以使用以下语句来连接多个表: ``` SELECT * FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column; ``` 8. 如何在MySQL中创建索引? 答:可以使用以下语句来创建索引: ``` CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column1, column2, ...); ``` 以上是一些常见的MySQL面试题,希望能对您有所帮助。
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