面试栽了：String.hashCode()返回值超出 int 最大取值范围会怎样？

我们知道String.hashCode()返回的是一个int类型的数值，那当某个字符串的hash值超出int的最大范围后会发生什么呢？

首先我们来看下String.hashCode()的源码，看看它是如何计算一个字符串的hash值：

 /** The value is used for character storage. */
    private final char value[];

    /** Cache the hash code for the string */
    private int hash; // Default to 0
/**
     * Returns a hash code for this string. The hash code for a
     * {@code String} object is computed as
     * <blockquote><pre>
     * s[0]*31^(n-1) + s[1]*31^(n-2) + ... + s[n-1]
     * </pre></blockquote>
     * using {@code int} arithmetic, where {@code s[i]} is the
     * <i>i</i>th character of the string, {@code n} is the length of
     * the string, and {@code ^} indicates exponentiation.
     * (The hash value of the empty string is zero.)
     *
     * @return  a hash code value for this object.
     */
    public int hashCode() {
        int h = hash