玩转 Spring Boot 应用篇（序列号生成器服务实现）

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-14 10:47:38 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-06-14 10:47:38 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_69860228/article/details/124355794

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0.1. 背景

在微服务盛行的当下，模块拆分粒度越来越细，若排查问题时，就需要一个能贯穿始终的全局唯一的 ID ；在支付场景中的订单编号，银行流水号等生成均需要依赖序列号生成的工具。

本次基于 Spring Boot + Redis + Lua 来实现一个序列号生成器服务，并尝试包装成 Spring Boot Starter 进而彻底解决项目中序列号生成的难题。

技术栈：Spring Boot 2.6.3 + Redis + Lua
环境依赖： JDK 1.8 + Maven 3.6.3

1. 搭建序列号生成服务

项目结构一览

引入依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.3</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>idgenerator</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1</version>
    <name>idgenerator</name>
    <description>Id generator for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>


    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.21.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <!--默认关掉单元测试 -->
                    <skipTests>true</skipTests>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

添加 Redis 相关配置

在 application.properties 文件中加入 redis 相关配置。

### Redis 缓存配置信息
# 主机名称
spring.redis.host=127.0.0.1
# 端口号
spring.redis.port=6379
# 认证密码
spring.redis.password=
# 连接超时时间
spring.redis.timeout=500
# 默认数据库
spring.redis.database=0

编写 Lua 脚本

在 resources 目录下创建 redis-script-single.lua 文件，内容如下。

-- moudle tag
local tag = KEYS[1];
if tag == nil then
    tag = 'default';
end
-- if user do not pass shardId, default partition is 0.
local partition
if KEYS[2] == nil then
    partition = 0;
else
    partition = KEYS[2] % 4096;
end


local seqKey = 'idgenerator_' .. tag .. '_' .. partition;
local step = 1;


local count;
repeat
    count = tonumber(redis.call('INCRBY', seqKey, step));
until count < (1024 - step)


-- count how many seq are generated in one millisecond
if count == step then
    redis.call('PEXPIRE', seqKey, 1);
end


local now = redis.call('TIME');
-- second, microSecond, partition, seq
return { tonumber(now[1]), tonumber(now[2]), partition, count }

重点关注 redis.call('INCRBY', seqKey, step) 作用是对 seqKey 按照 step 步长进行递增；以及 re dis.call('PEXPIRE ', seqKey, 1); 设置 seqKey 的失效时间，可依据需求是否需要。

Redis 脚本支持类定义（ ScriptConfiguration.java ）

创建 RedisScript 的子类 DefaultRedisScript 对象，内部设置了 lua 文件的位置以及脚本返回格式。

package com.example.idgenerator.config;


import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.script.RedisScript;
import org.springframework.scripting.support.ResourceScriptSource;


import java.util.List;


@Configuration
public class ScriptConfiguration {


    @Bean
    public RedisScript<List> redisScript() {
        Resource resource = new ResourceScriptSource(new ClassPathResource("redis-script-single.lua")).getResource();
        return RedisScript.of(resource, List.class);
    }
}

定义序列号 Service（IdGenService.java）

package com.example.idgenerator.service;


/**
 * 序列号生成器 Service
 */
public interface IdGenService {
    String next();
}

定义序列号 Service 实现（ RedisIdGenService.java ）

package com.example.idgenerator.service.impl;


import com.example.idgenerator.service.IdGenService;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.script.RedisScript;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;


import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;


@Service
public class RedisIdGenService implements IdGenService {


    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RedisIdGenService.class);


    @Autowired
    private StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;


    @Autowired
    private RedisScript<List> redisScript;


    public String next() {
        List<String> keys = new ArrayList<>();
        //keys.add("USER_MOUDLE");
        //keys.add("1");
        List<Long> result = stringRedisTemplate.execute(redisScript, keys);
        long id = buildId(result.get(0), result.get(1), result.get(2), result.get(3));
        logger.info("序列号：" + id);
        return String.valueOf(id);
    }


    public long buildId(long second, long microSecond, long shardId, long seq) {
        long miliSecond = second * 1000L + microSecond / 1000L;
        return (miliSecond << 22) + (shardId << 10) + seq;
    }
}

定义序列号 API（ IdGenController.java ）

package com.example.idgenerator.controller;


import com.example.idgenerator.service.IdGenService;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;


@RestController
public class IdGenController {


    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(IdGenController.class);


    @Autowired
    private IdGenService idGenService;


    @GetMapping("/getId")
    public String getId() {
        String seq = idGenService.next();
        logger.info("生成序列号：" + seq);
        return seq;
    }
}

启动服务验证

启动服务，浏览器访问 http://localhost:8080/getId，控制台输出：

至此，一个基于 Spring Boot 的序列号生成器服务就完成了，可以直接集成到项目中去使用，不过是提供 HTTP 的服务，若不直接提供 WEB 服务，考虑到使用方便，是否可以考虑封装成 starter 呢？

2. 包装成序列号生成器 starter

考虑到直观，直接新建项目，项目名：idgenerator-spring-boot-starter，项目整体结构如下。

添加依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.3</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>org.idgenerator</groupId>
    <artifactId>idgenerator-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1</version>
    <name>idgenerator-spring-boot-starter</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

添加 Redis 相关配置

 ### Redis 缓存配置信息
# 主机名称
spring.redis.host=127.0.0.1
# 端口号
spring.redis.port=6379
# 认证密码
spring.redis.password=
# 连接超时时间
spring.redis.timeout=500
# 默认数据库
spring.redis.database=0

编写 Lua 脚本

-- moudle tag
local tag = KEYS[1];
if tag == nil then
    tag = 'default';
end
-- if user do not pass shardId, default partition is 0.
local partition
if KEYS[2] == nil then
    partition = 0;
else
    partition = KEYS[2] % 4096;
end


local seqKey = 'idgenerator_' .. tag .. '_' .. partition;
local step = 1;


local count;
repeat
    count = tonumber(redis.call('INCRBY', seqKey, step));
until count < (1024 - step)


-- count how many seq are generated in one millisecond
if count == step then
    redis.call('PEXPIRE', seqKey, 1);
end


local now = redis.call('TIME');
-- second, microSecond, partition, seq
return { tonumber(now[1]), tonumber(now[2]), partition, count }

编写 Service 以及实现

package org.idgenerator.service;


/**
 * 序列号生成器 Service
 */
public interface IdGenService {
    String next();
}

package org.idgenerator.service.impl;


import org.idgenerator.service.IdGenService;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.script.RedisScript;
import org.springframework.scripting.support.ResourceScriptSource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;


import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;


@Service
public class RedisIdGenService implements IdGenService {


    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RedisIdGenService.class);


    private StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;


    private RedisScript<List> redisScript;


    public RedisIdGenService(StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate) {
        this.stringRedisTemplate = stringRedisTemplate;
        Resource luaResource = new ResourceScriptSource(new ClassPathResource("redis-script-single.lua")).getResource();
        RedisScript<List> redisScript = RedisScript.of(luaResource,List.class);
        this.redisScript = redisScript;
    }


    public String next() {
        List<String> keys = new ArrayList<>();
        //keys.add("USER_MOUDLE");
        //keys.add("1");
        List<Long> result = stringRedisTemplate.execute(redisScript, keys);
        long id = buildId(result.get(0), result.get(1), result.get(2), result.get(3));
        logger.info("序列号：" + id);
        return String.valueOf(id);
    }


    public long buildId(long second, long microSecond, long shardId, long seq) {
        long miliSecond = second * 1000L + microSecond / 1000L;
        return (miliSecond << 22) + (shardId << 10) + seq;
    }
}

定义 IdGenAutoConfiguration 自动配置类

package org.idgenerator.autoconfigure;


import org.idgenerator.service.IdGenService;
import org.idgenerator.service.impl.RedisIdGenService;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnClass;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;


@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({StringRedisTemplate.class})
public class IdGenAutoConfiguration {


    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(IdGenService.class)
    public IdGenService idGen(StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate) {
        return new RedisIdGenService(stringRedisTemplate);
    }
}

定义 spring.factories 文件

在 resources 目录下创建 META-INF 文件夹，然后创建 spring.factories 文件，文件内容如下。

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.idgenerator.autoconfigure.IdGenAutoConfiguration

编译打包

3. 序列号生成器 starter 验证

创建 ToyApp 项目，并引入第 2 步编译之后的序列号生成器 starter。

pom.xml 详细内容。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.3</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>ToyApp</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>ToyApp</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.idgenerator</groupId>
            <artifactId>idgenerator-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <systemPath>
                ${project.basedir}/lib/idgenerator-spring-boot-starter-0.0.1.jar
            </systemPath>
            <scope>system</scope>
            <version>0.0.1</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>


    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

编写测试类

@SpringBootTest
class DemoIdApplicationTests {


    @Autowired
    private IdGenService idGenService;


    @Test
    public void idGenTest() {
        System.out.println("调用自定义序列号生成器 starter 生成的序列号为：" + idGenService.next());
    }
}

执行后控制台输出如下：

调用自定义序列号生成器 starter 生成的序列号为：6919868765123379201

至此，自定义序列号生成器 starter 就验证通过了，收工。

4. 例行回顾

本文主要是基于 Spring Boot 封装一个序列号生成器服务 + Starter ，只需通过封装的 Starter，就可以很轻松的在项目中生成全局唯一的序列 ID 。

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玩转 Spring Boot 应用篇（序列号生成器服务实现）

0.1.背景在微服务盛行的当下，模块拆分粒度越来越细，若排查问题时，就需要一个能贯穿始终的全局唯一的 ID；在支付场景中的订单编号，银行流水号等生成均需要依赖序列号生成的工具。本次基于 Spring Boot+ Redis + Lua 来实现一个序列号生成器服务，并尝试包装成 Spring Boot Starter 进而彻底解决项目中序列号生成的难题。技术栈：Spring Boot 2.6.3 + Redis + Lua 环境依赖：JDK 1.8 + Maven...
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