线性表初步学习

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一：线性表介绍
线性表是最基本、最简单、也是最常用的一种数据结构。线性表（linear list）是数据结构的一种，一个线性表是n个具有相同特性的数据元素的有限序列。
线性表中数据元素之间的关系是一对一的关系，即除了第一个和最后一个数据元素之外，其它数据元素都是首尾相接的（注意，这句话只适用大部分线性表，而不是全部。比如，循环链表逻辑层次上也是一种线性表（存储层次上属于链式存储，但是把最后一个数据元素的尾指针指向了首位结点）。

二：功能说明
（1）插入功能解释：把要插入的地址后面的全部地址向后移动。
图像解释如下

（2）删除功能介绍：也是运用链表，将删除的部位的前一位的结点与删除部位下一位的结点相连接，在用free函数删除。
图像解释如下；

全代码如下（示例）：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>

#define LIST_MAX_LENGTH 10

/*定义线性表*/
typedef struct SequentialList {
    int actualLength;

    int data[LIST_MAX_LENGTH]; //The maximum length is fixed.
} *SequentialListPtr;

/* 打印线性表*/
void outputList(SequentialListPtr paraList) {
    for(int i = 0; i < paraList->actualLength; i ++) {
        printf("%d ", paraList->data[i]);
    }// Of for i
    printf("\r\n");
}// Of outputList

/*输出列表的memeory。
 */
void outputMemory(SequentialListPtr paraListPtr) {
    printf("The address of the structure: %ld\r\n", paraListPtr);
    printf("The address of actualLength: %ld\r\n", &paraListPtr->actualLength);
    printf("The address of data: %ld\r\n", &paraListPtr->data);
    printf("The address of actual data: %ld\r\n", &paraListPtr->data[0]);
    printf("The address of second data: %ld\r\n", &paraListPtr->data[1]);
}
/*在连续线性列表中插入一个元素。初始化顺序列表。检查此函数时没有错误。*/
SequentialListPtr sequentialListInit(int paraData[], int paraLength) {
	SequentialListPtr resultPtr = (SequentialListPtr)malloc(sizeof(struct SequentialList));
	for (int i = 0; i < paraLength; i ++) {
		resultPtr->data[i] = paraData[i];
	}// Of for i
	resultPtr->actualLength = paraLength;

	return resultPtr;
}//Of sequentialListInit

/*在连续线性列表中插入一个元素。 */
void sequentialListInsert(SequentialListPtr paraListPtr, int paraPosition, int paraValue) {
    // Step 1.空间检查。
    if (paraListPtr->actualLength >= LIST_MAX_LENGTH) {
        printf("Cannot insert element: list full.\r\n");
        return;
    }

    // Step 2.位置检查。
    if (paraPosition < 0) {
        printf("Cannot insert element: negative position unsupported.");
        return;
    }
    if (paraPosition > paraListPtr->actualLength) {
        printf("Cannot insert element: the position %d is bigger than the list length %d.\r\n", paraPosition, paraListPtr->actualLength);
        return;
    }

    // Step 3. 移动剩下的部分。
    for (int i = paraListPtr->actualLength; i > paraPosition; i --) {
        paraListPtr->data[i] = paraListPtr->data[i - 1];
    }

    // Step 4. 插入
    paraListPtr->data[paraPosition] = paraValue;

    // Step 5.更新长度。
    paraListPtr->actualLength ++;
}// Of sequentialListInsert

/* 测试insert函数.*/
void sequentialInsertTest() {
	int i;
	int tempArray[5] = {3, 5, 2, 7, 4};

    printf("---- sequentialInsertTest begins. ----\r\n");

	// 初始化。
    SequentialListPtr tempList = sequentialListInit(tempArray, 5);
    printf("After initialization, the list is: ");
	outputList(tempList);

	// 插入到第一个。
    printf("Now insert to the first, the list is: ");
	sequentialListInsert(tempList, 0, 8);
	outputList(tempList);

	//插入到最后。
    printf("Now insert to the last, the list is: ");
	sequentialListInsert(tempList, 6, 9);
	outputList(tempList);

	// 插入尾部之外。
    printf("Now insert beyond the tail. \r\n");
	sequentialListInsert(tempList, 8, 9);
    printf("The list is:");
	outputList(tempList);

	// 插入位置3。
	for (i = 0; i < 5; i ++) {
		printf("Inserting %d.\r\n", (i + 10));
		sequentialListInsert(tempList, 0, (i + 10));
		outputList(tempList);
	}

    printf("---- sequentialInsertTest ends. ----\r\n");
}

/* 从连续线性列表中删除元素*/
int sequentialListDelete(SequentialListPtr paraListPtr, int paraPosition) {
    // Step 1. 位置检查。
    if (paraPosition < 0) {
        printf("Invalid position: %d.\r\n", paraPosition);
        return -1;
    }

    if (paraPosition >= paraListPtr->actualLength) {
        printf("Cannot delete element: the position %d is beyond the list length %d.\r\n", paraPosition, paraListPtr->actualLength);
        return -1;
    }

    // Step 2. 移动剩下的部分。
	int resultValue = paraListPtr->data[paraPosition];
    for (int i = paraPosition; i < paraListPtr->actualLength; i ++) {
        paraListPtr->data[i] = paraListPtr->data[i + 1];
    }

    // Step 3. 更新长度。
    paraListPtr->actualLength --;

	// Step 4.返回值。
	return resultValue;
}

/*测试功能*/
void sequentialDeleteTest() {
	int tempArray[5] = {5,7，0,6，9,};

    printf("---- sequentialDeleteTest begins. ----\r\n");

	// 初始化。
    SequentialListPtr tempList = sequentialListInit(tempArray, 5);
    printf("After initialization, the list is: ");
	outputList(tempList);

	// 删除第一个。
    printf("Now delete the first, the list is: ");
	sequentialListDelete(tempList, 0);
	outputList(tempList);

	// 删除到最后。
    printf("Now delete the last, the list is: ");
	sequentialListDelete(tempList, 3);
	outputList(tempList);

	// 删除第二个。
    printf("Now delete the second, the list is: ");
	sequentialListDelete(tempList, 1);
	outputList(tempList);

	//删除第二个。
    printf("Now delete the 5th, the list is: ");
	sequentialListDelete(tempList, 5);
	outputList(tempList);

	// .删除第二个。
    printf("Now delete the (-6)th, the list is: ");
	sequentialListDelete(tempList, -6);
	outputList(tempList);

    printf("---- sequentialDeleteTest ends. ----\r\n");

	outputMemory(tempList);
}

/*在列表中找到一个元素。*/
int locateElement(SequentialListPtr paraListPtr, int paraValue) {
	for (int i = 0; i < paraListPtr->actualLength; i ++) {
		if (paraListPtr->data[i] == paraValue) {
			return i;
		}
	}

	return -1;
}

/* 获取列表中的一个元素。*/
int getElement(SequentialListPtr paraListPtr, int paraPosition) {
    // Step 1. Position check.
    if (paraPosition < 0) {
        printf("Invalid position: %d.\r\n", paraPosition);
        return -1;
    }

    if (paraPosition >= paraListPtr->actualLength) {
        printf("Cannot delete element: the position %d is beyond the list length %d.\r\n", paraPosition, paraListPtr->actualLength);
        return -1;
    }

	return paraListPtr->data[paraPosition];
}

/* 清除列表中的元素.*/
void clearList(SequentialListPtr paraListPtr) {
	paraListPtr->actualLength = 0;
}

/*入口.*/
void main() {
	sequentialInsertTest();
	sequentialDeleteTest();
}

运行结果