目录
一.扩容
#第一步在虚拟机中扩容根目录磁盘
#每个磁盘只能最多有四个分区
[root@19c ~]# df -h#首先看一下磁盘分区情况
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 1.4G 0 1.4G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.4G 0 1.4G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.4G 9.9M 1.4G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.4G 0 1.4G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 46G 22G 25G 48% /
/dev/sda1 1014M 184M 831M 19% /boot
tmpfs 283M 8.0K 283M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 283M 0 283M 0% /run/user/0
[root@19c ~]# fdisk -l#查看磁盘分区
Disk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes, 125829120 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000c22e1
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 104857599 51379200 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 49.4 GB, 49383735296 bytes, 96452608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes, 6291456 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@19c ~]# fdisk /dev/sda#开始分区
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partitions system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p#这里我们选择p
Partition number (3,4, default 3):
First sector (104857600-125829119, default 104857600):
Using default value 104857600
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (104857600-125829119, default 125829119):
Using default value 125829119
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@19c ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes, 125829120 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000c22e1
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 104857599 51379200 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 104857600 125829119 10485760 83 Linux#这就是我们新增的分区
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 49.4 GB, 49383735296 bytes, 96452608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes, 6291456 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
#接下来我们需要reboot虚拟机
[root@19c ~]# fdisk -l#再看一下磁盘分区情况
Disk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes, 125829120 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000c22e1
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 104857599 51379200 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 104857600 125829119 10485760 83 Linux
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 49.4 GB, 49383735296 bytes, 96452608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes, 6291456 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@19c ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sda3#将分区加到vg组
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.
Volume group "centos" successfully extended
[root@19c ~]# lvextend -L +9.99G /dev/mapper/centos-root#扩展vg组容量
Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 9.99 GiB.
Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 45.99 GiB (11774 extents) to 55.98 GiB (14332 extents).
Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
[root@19c ~]# df -T#查看一下文件系统的格式
Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 1430612 0 1430612 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1447632 0 1447632 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1447632 10172 1437460 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1447632 0 1447632 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 48202756 22913288 25289468 48% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 1038336 187596 850740 19% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 289528 12 289516 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs tmpfs 289528 0 289528 0% /run/user/0
[root@19c ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root#扩容到根目录
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=3014144 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=12056576, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=5887, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 12056576 to 14675968
[root@19c ~]# df -h#查看已经扩容到56G了
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 1.4G 0 1.4G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.4G 0 1.4G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.4G 10M 1.4G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.4G 0 1.4G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 56G 22G 35G 40% /
/dev/sda1 1014M 184M 831M 19% /boot
tmpfs 283M 12K 283M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 283M 0 283M 0% /run/user/0
二.挂载磁盘
1.使用命令检查磁盘挂载和分布情况
[root@zhuke ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_oracle1-lv_root
27G 15G 11G 59% /
tmpfs 1.5G 88K 1.5G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 55M 405M 12% /boot
[root@zhuke ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_oracle1-lv_root
27G 15G 11G 59% /
tmpfs 1.5G 88K 1.5G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 55M 405M 12% /boot
[root@zhuke ~]# cd /dev/sda
sda sda1 sda2
[root@zhuke ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000df97d
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 3917 30944256 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_oracle1-lv_root: 28.5 GB, 28512878592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3466 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_oracle1-lv_swap: 3170 MB, 3170893824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 385 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000000002.新建一个磁盘
[root@zhuke ~]# fdisk -l#添加磁盘后使用命令检查新建的磁盘
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000df97d
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 3917 30944256 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_oracle1-lv_root: 28.5 GB, 28512878592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3466 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_oracle1-lv_swap: 3170 MB, 3170893824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 385 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000000003.磁盘分区
[root@zhuke ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x7644cc73.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partitions system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4):
Value out of range.
Partition number (1-4):
Value out of range.
Partition number (1-4):
Value out of range.
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-130, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-130, default 130):
Using default value 130
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@zhuke ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000df97d
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 3917 30944256 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x7644cc73
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 130 1044193+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_oracle1-lv_root: 28.5 GB, 28512878592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3466 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_oracle1-lv_swap: 3170 MB, 3170893824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 385 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000000004.磁盘格式化
[root@zhuke ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
65280 inodes, 261048 blocks
13052 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=268435456
8 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8160 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.5.磁盘挂载
[root@zhuke /]# mkdir test
[root@zhuke /]# ll -ls
total 114
4 dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 19 2023 bin
2 dr-xr-xr-x. 5 root root 1024 Feb 19 2023 boot
0 drwxr-xr-x 17 root root 3680 Oct 19 21:53 dev
12 drwxr-xr-x. 113 root root 12288 Oct 19 21:48 etc
4 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Jun 4 15:50 home
4 dr-xr-xr-x. 11 root root 4096 Feb 19 2023 lib
12 dr-xr-xr-x. 9 root root 12288 Feb 19 2023 lib64
16 drwx------. 2 root root 16384 Feb 19 2023 lost+found
4 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Jun 5 22:59 media
0 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Oct 19 21:48 misc
4 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Feb 19 2023 mnt
0 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Oct 19 21:48 net
4 drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Feb 19 2023 opt
4 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Feb 19 2023 oracle
0 dr-xr-xr-x 112 root root 0 Oct 19 21:47 proc
4 dr-xr-x---. 26 root root 4096 Oct 19 21:48 root
12 dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 12288 Feb 19 2023 sbin
4 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 19 2023 selinux
4 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Nov 1 2011 srv
0 drwxr-xr-x 13 root root 0 Oct 19 21:47 sys
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 19 21:58 test
4 drwxrwxrwt. 20 root root 4096 Oct 19 21:48 tmp
4 drwxrwxr-x 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Jun 4 15:51 u01
4 drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 Feb 19 2023 usr
4 drwxr-xr-x. 22 root root 4096 Feb 19 2023 var
[root@zhuke /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /test
[root@zhuke /]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_oracle1-lv_root
27G 15G 11G 59% /
tmpfs 1.5G 88K 1.5G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 55M 405M 12% /boot
/dev/sdb1 1004M 18M 936M 2% /test
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