Appium常用API及操作

1 press_keycode

1.1 键盘操作

press_keycode是Appium的键盘相关函数；

可以实现键盘的相关操作，比如返回、按键、音量调节等等；函数使用方法为：

driver.press_keycode(KeyCode)

1.2 关于KeyCode

以上press_keycode方法中传入参数KeyCode，而KeyCode是对应的键值码；

其可以传入对应的键值名，也可以传入具体键值名的值（对应数字）。

1.3 press_keycode源码

press_keycode源码如下：

    def press_keycode(self, keycode: int, metastate: Optional[int] = None, flags: Optional[int] = None) -> 'WebDriver':        """Sends a keycode to the device.
        Android only. Possible keycodes can be found        in http://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/KeyEvent.html.
        Args:            keycode: the keycode to be sent to the device            metastate: meta information about the keycode being sent            flags: the set of key event flags
        Returns:            Union['WebDriver', 'Keyboard']: Self instance        """        ext_name = 'mobile: pressKey'        args = {'keycode': keycode}        if metastate is not None:            args['metastate'] = metastate        if flags is not None:            args['flags'] = flags        try:            self.assert_extension_exists(ext_name).execute_script(ext_name, args)        except UnknownMethodException:            # TODO: Remove the fallback            self.mark_extension_absence(ext_name).execute(Command.PRESS_KEYCODE, args)        return cast('WebDriver', self)

从源码中可以看出，想要找到对应的键值名可以直接去官网查看。

1.4 电话键相关

以下为部分（非全部，仅参考）电话键相关键值名：

1.5控制键相关

以下为部分（非全部，仅参考）控制键相关键值名：

 

1.6 基本按键相关

以下为部分（非全部，仅参考）基本按键相关键值名：

其中按键0-9键值为7-16，比如：

 

其中字母A-Z的键值为29-54，比如：

1.7 组合键相关

以下为部分（非全部，仅参考）组合键相关键值名：

1.8 符号键相关

以下为部分（非全部，仅参考）符号键相关键值名：

1.9 使用举例

使用方法为：

driver.press_keycode(4) # 返回键driver.press_keycode(84) # 搜索键

或者可以使用keyevent方法：​​​​​​​

driver.keyevent(66) # 回车键driver.keyevent(67) # 退格键

2 swip方

2.1 swip说明

swip()方法是从一个坐标位置滑动到另一个坐标位置；

也就是说两点之间的滑动。

2.2 swip使用方法

可以查看swip源码来看下如何使用：​​​​​​​

    def swipe(self, start_x: int, start_y: int, end_x: int, end_y: int, duration: int = 0) -> 'WebDriver':        """Swipe from one point to another point, for an optional duration.
        Args:            start_x: x-coordinate at which to start            start_y: y-coordinate at which to start            end_x: x-coordinate at which to stop            end_y: y-coordinate at which to stop            duration: defines the swipe speed as time taken to swipe from point a to point b, in ms.
        Usage:            driver.swipe(100, 100, 100, 400)
        Returns:            Union['WebDriver', 'ActionHelpers']: Self instance        """        touch_input = PointerInput(interaction.POINTER_TOUCH, "touch")
        actions = ActionChains(self)        actions.w3c_actions = ActionBuilder(self, mouse=touch_input)        actions.w3c_actions.pointer_action.move_to_location(start_x, start_y)        actions.w3c_actions.pointer_action.pointer_down()        if duration > 0:            actions.w3c_actions = ActionBuilder(self, mouse=touch_input, duration=duration)        actions.w3c_actions.pointer_action.move_to_location(end_x, end_y)        actions.w3c_actions.pointer_action.release()        actions.perform()        return cast('WebDriver', self)

从以上看需要至少四个参数swipe(self, start_x: int, start_y: int, end_x: int, end_y: int);

2.3 使用示例

比如坐标从（100,200）滑动到（300,400）：

driver.swipe(100, 200, 300, 400)

再比如从（400,500）滑动到（600,700）持续3秒：

3 scroll方法

scroll()方法是从一个元素滑动到另一个元素，直到页面自动停止；

使用方法为：​​​​​​​

    def scroll(self, origin_el: WebElement, destination_el: WebElement, duration: Optional[int] = None) -> 'WebDriver':        """Scrolls from one element to another
        Args:            origin_el: the element from which to begin scrolling (center of element)            destination_el: the element to scroll to (center of element)            duration: defines speed of scroll action when moving from originalEl to destinationEl.                Default is 600 ms for W3C spec.
        Usage:            driver.scroll(el1, el2)

比如从用户名滑动到密码输入框：​​​​​​​

user_name = driver.find_element(AppiumBy.XPATH, "//*[@text='用户名']")user_passwd = driver.find_element(AppiumBy.XPATH, "//*[@text='密码']")driver.scroll(user_name, user_passwd)

4 drag_and_drop方法

drag_and_drop()方法从一个元素滑动到另一个元素，第二个元素代替第一个元素原本屏幕上的位置；

使用方法为：​​​​​​​

    def drag_and_drop(self, origin_el: WebElement, destination_el: WebElement) -> 'WebDriver':        """Drag the origin element to the destination element
        Args:            origin_el: the element to drag            destination_el: the element to drag to
        Returns:            Union['WebDriver', 'ActionHelpers']: Self instance        """

比如：​​​​​​​

user_name = driver.find_element(AppiumBy.XPATH, "//*[@text='用户名']")user_passwd = driver.find_element(AppiumBy.XPATH, "//*[@text='密码']")driver.drag_and_drop(user_name, user_passwd)

5 TouchAction方法

TouchAction可实现手势的操作，比如滑动、拖动、长按等操作；

使用方法是先需要导入TouchAction：

from appium.webdriver.common.touch_action import  TouchAction

5.1 tap方法

tap()方法模拟手指对某个元素或坐标按下并快速抬起；

使用方法为：​​​​​​​

    def tap(        self,        element: Optional['WebElement'] = None,        x: Optional[int] = None,        y: Optional[int] = None,        count: int = 1,    ) -> 'TouchAction':        """Perform a tap action on the element
        Args:            element: the element to tap            x : x coordinate to tap, relative to the top left corner of the element.            y : y coordinate. If y is used, x must also be set, and vice versa

比如：

TouchAction(driver).tap(user_name).perform()

5.2 press方法​​​​​​​

press()方法是手指一直按下；

使用方法：​​​​​​​

    def press(        self,        el: Optional['WebElement'] = None,        x: Optional[int] = None,        y: Optional[int] = None,        pressure: Optional[float] = None,    ) -> 'TouchAction':        """Begin a chain with a press down action at a particular element or point
        Args:            el: the element to press            x: x coordiate to press. If y is used, x must also be set            y: y coordiate to press. If x is used, y must also be set

比如：

TouchAction(driver).press(x=100, y=200).perform()

5.3 release方法

release()方法是模拟手指抬起；

使用方法：​​​​​​​

    def release(self) -> 'TouchAction':        """End the action by lifting the pointer off the screen
        Returns:            `TouchAction`: Self instance        """        self._add_action('release', {})
        return self

比如：

TouchAction(driver).press(x=100, y=200).release().perform()

5.4 wait方法

wait()方法是模拟手指等待；

使用方法为：​​​​​​​

 def wait(self, ms: int = 0) -> 'TouchAction':        """Pause for `ms` milliseconds.
        Args:            ms: The time to pause
        Returns:            `TouchAction`: Self instance        """

比如按下等待3秒后抬起：

TouchAction(driver).press(x=100, y=200).wait(3000).release().perform()

5.5 move_to方法

move_to()方法是模拟手指移动；

使用方法：​​​​​​​

    def move_to(        self, el: Optional['WebElement'] = None, x: Optional[int] = None, y: Optional[int] = None    ) -> 'TouchAction':        """Move the pointer from the previous point to the element or point specified
        Args:            el: the element to be moved to            x: x coordiate to be moved to. If y is used, x must also be set            y: y coordiate to be moved to. If x is used, y must also be set
        Returns:            `TouchAction`: Self instance        """

比如：

TouchAction(driver).press(x=400, y=500).move_to(500, 600).perform()

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