1.同步和异步调用
同步调用的优点:
-
时效性较强,可以立即得到结果
同步调用的缺点:
-
耦合度高
-
性能和吞吐能力下降
-
有额外的资源消耗
-
有级联失败问题
异步调用的优点:
-
吞吐量提升:无需等待订阅者处理完成,响应更快速
-
故障隔离:服务没有直接调用,不存在级联失败问题
-
调用间没有阻塞,不会造成无效的资源占用
-
耦合度极低,每个服务都可以灵活插拔,可替换
-
流量削峰:不管发布事件的流量波动多大,都由Broker接收,订阅者可以按照自己的速度去处理事件
异步调用的缺点:
-
架构复杂了,业务没有明显的流程线,不好管理
-
需要依赖于Broker的可靠、安全、性能
MQ是消息队列,用来存储JSON数据。
2.MQ
2.1MQ安装
通过docker命令拉取
docker pull rabbitmq:3.8-management
执行下面的命令来运行MQ容器
docker run \
-e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=xiaoming \
-e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=123456 \
-v mq-plugins:/plugins \
--name mq \
--hostname mq \
-p 15672:15672 \
-p 5672:5672 \
-d \
rabbitmq:3.8-management
官方的HelloWorld是基于最基础的消息队列模型来实现的,只包括三个角色:
-
publisher:消息发布者,将消息发送到队列queue
-
queue:消息队列,负责接受并缓存消息
-
consumer:订阅队列,处理队列中的消息
2.2准备工作
首先准备一个mq-demo父工程,子工程分别为publisher(消息的发送者),consumer(消息的消费者)。
consumer(消息消费者)子模块代码:
配置类:
@Configuration
public class FanoutConfig {
// itcast.fanout
@Bean
public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange(){
return new FanoutExchange("itcast.fanout");
}
// fanout.queue1
@Bean
public Queue fanoutQueue1(){
return new Queue("fanout.queue1");
}
// 绑定队列1到交换机
@Bean
public Binding fanoutBinding1(Queue fanoutQueue1, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){
return BindingBuilder
.bind(fanoutQueue1)
.to(fanoutExchange);
}
// fanout.queue2
@Bean
public Queue fanoutQueue2(){
return new Queue("fanout.queue2");
}
// 绑定队列2到交换机
@Bean
public Binding fanoutBinding2(Queue fanoutQueue2, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){
return BindingBuilder
.bind(fanoutQueue2)
.to(fanoutExchange);
}
@Bean
public Queue objectQueue(){
return new Queue("object.queue");
}
}
监听器:
@Component
public class SpringRabbitListener {
// @RabbitListener(queues = "simple.queue")
// public void listenSimpleQueue(String msg) {
// System.out.println("消费者接收到simple.queue的消息:【" + msg + "】");
// }
@RabbitListener(queues = "simple.queue")
public void listenWorkQueue1(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println("消费者1接收到消息:【" + msg + "】" + LocalTime.now());
Thread.sleep(20);
}
@RabbitListener(queues = "simple.queue")
public void listenWorkQueue2(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
System.err.println("消费者2........接收到消息:【" + msg + "】" + LocalTime.now());
Thread.sleep(200);
}
@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.queue1")
public void listenFanoutQueue1(String msg) {
System.out.println("消费者接收到fanout.queue1的消息:【" + msg + "】");
}
@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.queue2")
public void listenFanoutQueue2(String msg) {
System.out.println("消费者接收到fanout.queue2的消息:【" + msg + "】");
}
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(name = "direct.queue1"),
exchange = @Exchange(name = "itcast.direct", type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),
key = {"red", "blue"}
))
public void listenDirectQueue1(String msg){
System.out.println("消费者接收到direct.queue1的消息:【" + msg + "】");
}
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(name = "direct.queue2"),
exchange = @Exchange(name = "itcast.direct", type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),
key = {"red", "yellow"}
))
public void listenDirectQueue2(String msg){
System.out.println("消费者接收到direct.queue2的消息:【" + msg + "】");
}
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(name = "topic.queue1"),
exchange = @Exchange(name = "itcast.topic", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
key = "china.#"
))
public void listenTopicQueue1(String msg){
System.out.println("消费者接收到topic.queue1的消息:【" + msg + "】");
}
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(name = "topic.queue2"),
exchange = @Exchange(name = "itcast.topic", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
key = "#.news"
))
public void listenTopicQueue2(String msg){
System.out.println("消费者接收到topic.queue2的消息:【" + msg + "】");
}
@RabbitListener(queues = "object.queue")
public void listenObjectQueue(Map<String,Object> msg){
System.out.println("接收到object.queue的消息:" + msg);
}
}
启动类:
@SpringBootApplication
public class ConsumerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
public MessageConverter messageConverter(){
return new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
}
}
application.yml配置文件:
logging:
pattern:
dateformat: MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SSS
spring:
rabbitmq:
host: 192.168.150.101 # rabbitMQ的ip地址
port: 5672 # 端口
username: xiaoming
password: 123456
virtual-host: /
listener:
simple:
prefetch: 1
pom依赖:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>mq-demo</artifactId>
<groupId>cn.itcast.demo</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>consumer</artifactId>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
</project>
publisher(消息发送者)子模块代码:
配置类:
@SpringBootApplication
public class PublisherApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(PublisherApplication.class);
}
@Bean
public MessageConverter messageConverter(){
return new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
}
}
application.yml配置文件:
logging:
pattern:
dateformat: MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SSS
spring:
rabbitmq:
host: 192.168.150.101 # rabbitMQ的ip地址
port: 5672 # 端口
username: xiaoming
password: 123456
virtual-host: /
pom依赖:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>mq-demo</artifactId>
<groupId>cn.itcast.demo</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>publisher</artifactId>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
</project>
父模块代码:
pom依赖:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>cn.itcast.demo</groupId>
<artifactId>mq-demo</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<modules>
<module>publisher</module>
<module>consumer</module>
</modules>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.9.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/>
</parent>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--AMQP依赖,包含RabbitMQ-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--单元测试-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2.3MQ快速入门
2.3.1publisher实现
public class PublisherTest {
@Test
public void testSendMessage() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
// 1.建立连接
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
// 1.1.设置连接参数,分别是:主机名、端口号、vhost、用户名、密码
factory.setHost("192.168.150.101");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setVirtualHost("/");
factory.setUsername("itcast");
factory.setPassword("123321");
// 1.2.建立连接
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
// 2.创建通道Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 3.创建队列
String queueName = "simple.queue";
channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
// 4.发送消息
String message = "hello, rabbitmq!";
channel.basicPublish("", queueName, null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println("发送消息成功:【" + message + "】");
// 5.关闭通道和连接
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
2.3.2consumer实现
public class ConsumerTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
// 1.建立连接
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
// 1.1.设置连接参数,分别是:主机名、端口号、vhost、用户名、密码
factory.setHost("192.168.150.101");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setVirtualHost("/");
factory.setUsername("itcast");
factory.setPassword("123321");
// 1.2.建立连接
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
// 2.创建通道Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 3.创建队列
String queueName = "simple.queue";
channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
// 4.订阅消息
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
// 5.处理消息
String message = new String(body);
System.out.println("接收到消息:【" + message + "】");
}
});
System.out.println("等待接收消息。。。。");
}
}