在不创建唯一约束的情况下,仅通过 INSERT INTO 一条语句实现在不存在的情况下才允许插入的方案如下:
INSERT INTO table(field1, field2, fieldn) SELECT 'field1', 'field2', 'fieldn' FROM DUAL WHERE NOT EXISTS(SELECT field FROM table WHERE field = ?)
其中的 DUAL 是一个临时表,不需要物理创建,这么用即可。
针对上面的card示例的改造如下:
INSERT INTO card(cardno, cardnum) SELECT '111', '100' FROM DUAL WHERE NOT EXISTS(SELECT cardno FROM card WHERE cardno = '111');
INSERT INTO card(cardno, cardnum) SELECT '222', '200' FROM DUAL WHERE NOT EXISTS(SELECT cardno FROM card WHERE cardno = '222');
此类sql语句可用于解决插入性并发安全问题的乐观锁CAS机制.