JAVA三种文件读写操作，四种文件拷贝操作

一、文件读写操作

1.使用FileWriter和FileReader，对文件内容按字符读取

String dir = "D:\\aaa\\a.txt";
File file = new File(dir);
//如果文件不存在，创建文件
if (!file.exists()) 
    file.createNewFile();
//创建FileWriter对象
FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(file);
//向文件中写入内容
writer.write("the first way to write and read");
writer.flush();  //刷新该流的缓冲。
writer.close();

//创建FileReader对象，读取文件中的内容
FileReader reader = new FileReader(file);
char[] ch = new char[100];
reader.read(ch);
for(char c:ch) {
    System.out.print(c);
}
System.out.println();
reader.close();

2.使用包装类BuffredReader和BufferedWriter，对文件内容进行整行读取

String dir = "D:\\aaa\\b.txt";
File file = new File(dir);
//如果文件不存在，创建文件
if (!file.exists()) 
    file.createNewFile();

//创建BufferedWriter对象并向文件写入内容

BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(file));
//向文件中写入内容
bw.write("the second way to write and read");
bw.flush();
bw.close();
//创建BufferedReader读取文件内容
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file));
String line;
while ((line=br.readLine())!=null) {
    System.out.println(line);
}
br.close();

3.使用FileInputStream和FileOutputStream，这种方法以字节的形式写入文件，读取文件时先读取字节数组，再将字节数组转换为字符串形式

String dir = "D:\\aaa\\c.txt";
File file = new File(dir);
//如果文件不存在，创建文件
if (!file.exists()) 
    file.createNewFile();
//创建FileOutputStream对象，写入内容
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
//向文件中写入内容
fos.write("the third way to write and read".getBytes());
fos.close();
//创建FileInputStream对象，读取文件内容
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
byte[] bys = new byte[100];
while (fis.read(bys, 0, bys.length)!=-1) {
    //将字节数组转换为字符串
    System.out.println(new String(bys));
}
fis.close();

二、文件拷贝操作以及效率对比

四种拷贝方式概述：1.字节流的基本流：一次读写一个字节

                                 2.字节流的基本流：一次读写一个字节数组

                                 3.字节缓冲流：一次读写一个字节

                                 4.字节缓冲流：一次读写一个字节数组

这里我们以一次读取10个字节为例

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        mothed1();//字节流的基本流：一次读写一个字节
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("字节流的基本流：一次读写一个字节" + (end - start) / 1000.0 + "秒");

        start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        mothed2();//字节流的基本流：一次读写一个字节数组
        end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("字节流的基本流：一次读写一个字节数组" + (end - start) / 1000.0 + "秒");

        start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        mothed3();//字节缓冲流：一次读写一个字节
        end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("字节缓冲流：一次读写一个字节" + (end - start) / 1000.0 + "秒");

        start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        mothed4();//字节缓冲流：一次读写一个字节数组
        end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("字节缓冲流：一次读写一个字节数组" + (end - start) / 1000.0 + "秒");

    }

    private static void mothed4() throws IOException {
        String pathstart = "D:\\javadevelop\\javastart\\src\\javaNotebook\\3.txt";
        String pathend = "src\\copy4.txt";
        BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(pathstart));
        BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(pathend));
        int len;
        byte[] b = new byte[10];
        while ((len = bis.read(b)) != -1) {
            bos.write(b, 0, len);
        }
        bos.close();
        bis.close();


    }

    private static void mothed3() throws IOException {
        String pathstart = "D:\\javadevelop\\javastart\\src\\javaNotebook\\3.txt";
        String pathend = "src\\copy3.txt";
        BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(pathstart));
        BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(pathend));
        int b;
        while ((b = bis.read()) != -1) {
            bos.write(b);
        }
        bos.close();
        bis.close();
    }

    private static void mothed2() throws IOException {
        String pathstart = "D:\\javadevelop\\javastart\\src\\javaNotebook\\3.txt";
        String pathend = "src\\copy2.txt";
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(pathstart);
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(pathend);
        int len;
        byte[] b = new byte[10];
        while ((len = fis.read(b)) != -1) {
            fos.write(b, 0, len);
        }
        fos.close();
        fis.close();
    }

    private static void mothed1() throws IOException {
        String pathstart = "D:\\javadevelop\\javastart\\src\\javaNotebook\\3.txt";
        String pathend = "src\\copy1.txt";
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(pathstart);
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(pathend);
        int b;
        while ((b = fis.read()) != -1) {
            fos.write(b);
        }
        fos.close();
        fis.close();
    }

运行结果：