SQL高级查询语句

Ø 基本常用查询

–select
select * from student;

–all 查询所有
select all sex from student;

–distinct 过滤重复
select distinct sex from student;

–count 统计
select count(*) from student;
select count(sex) from student;
select count(distinct sex) from student;

–top 取前N条记录
select top 3 * from student;

–alias column name 列重命名
select id as 编号, name ‘名称’, sex 性别 from student;

–alias table name 表重命名
select id, name, s.id, s.name from student s;

–column 列运算
select (age + id) col from student;
select s.name + ‘-’ + c.name from classes c, student s where s.cid = c.id;

–where 条件
select * from student where id = 2;
select * from student where id > 7;
select * from student where id < 3;
select * from student where id <> 3;
select * from student where id >= 3;
select * from student where id <= 5;
select * from student where id !> 3;
select * from student where id !< 5;

–and 并且
select * from student where id > 2 and sex = 1;

–or 或者
select * from student where id = 2 or sex = 1;

–between … and … 相当于并且
select * from student where id between 2 and 5;
select * from student where id not between 2 and 5;

–like 模糊查询
select * from student where name like ‘%a%’;
select * from student where name like ‘%[a][o]%’;
select * from student where name not like ‘%a%’;
select * from student where name like ‘ja%’;
select * from student where name not like ‘%[j,n]%’;
select * from student where name like ‘%[j,n,a]%’;
select * from student where name like ‘%[^ja,as,on]%’;
select * from student where name like ‘%[ja_on]%’;

–in 子查询
select * from student where id in (1, 2);

–not in 不在其中
select * from student where id not in (1, 2);

–is null 是空
select * from student where age is null;

–is not null 不为空
select * from student where age is not null;

–order by 排序
select * from student order by name;
select * from student order by name desc;
select * from student order by name asc;

–group by 分组
按照年龄进行分组统计
select count(age), age from student group by age;
按照性别进行分组统计
select count(), sex from student group by sex;
按照年龄和性别组合分组统计，并排序
select count(), sex from student group by sex, age order by age;
按照性别分组，并且是id大于2的记录最后按照性别排序
select count(), sex from student where id > 2 group by sex order by sex;
查询id大于2的数据，并完成运算后的结果进行分组和排序
select count(), (sex * id) new from student where id > 2 group by sex * id order by sex * id;

–group by all 所有分组
按照年龄分组，是所有的年龄
select count(*), age from student group by all age;

–having 分组过滤条件
按照年龄分组，过滤年龄为空的数据，并且统计分组的条数和现实年龄信息
select count(*), age from student group by age having age is not null;

按照年龄和cid组合分组，过滤条件是cid大于1的记录
select count(*), cid, sex from student group by cid, sex having cid > 1;

按照年龄分组，过滤条件是分组后的记录条数大于等于2
select count(*), age from student group by age having count(age) >= 2;

按照cid和性别组合分组，过滤条件是cid大于1，cid的最大值大于2
select count(*), cid, sex from student group by cid, sex having cid > 1 and max(cid) > 2;
Ø 嵌套子查询

子查询是一个嵌套在select、insert、update或delete语句或其他子查询中的查询。任何允许使用表达式的地方都可以使用子查询。子查询也称为内部查询或内部选择，而包含子查询的语句也成为外部查询或外部选择。
1
from (select … table)示例
将一个table的查询结果当做一个新表进行查询
select * from (
select id, name from student where sex = 1
) t where t.id > 2;
上面括号中的语句，就是子查询语句（内部查询）。在外面的是外部查询，其中外部查询可以包含以下语句：

 1、 包含常规选择列表组件的常规select查询

 2、 包含一个或多个表或视图名称的常规from语句

 3、 可选的where子句