雅思小作文笔记3--柱形图

目录

增长/减少的表达

国家、年份、物品做主语

增长自己做主语

占比

形容差距

例：

主题词汇-- 花费：

---

比较关系：两个维度

基本特征：在适当的地方做比较

分组：相同和不同

注意：比较主体的一致

增长/减少的表达

国家、年份、物品做主语

xxx witnessed / saw adj + increase/ decrease.

apparent or even enormous growth

insignificant increase

the notable growth in xxx

an overall growth in the year of

两倍增加： The expenditure roughly doubled.

Owning to such a considerable growth, textiles were no longer the smallest exports.

saw obvious fall in the year of

the figure was roughly half of that of 1999.

by vastly different margins：不同程度

        All other categories had increased sales yet by vastly different margins.

增长自己做主语

increase/ decrease happened/ occurred in xxx

tremendous

multiple-time growth：多倍增长

the increase / decrease was adj,  .... .

The largest increase was in xx, which accounted for an insignificant portion of xx

占比

percentage：百分比

proportion：比例

        A had smaller proportions than B

        proportional change：比例变化

Ratio：比率

        The ratio of men to women in the workforce has been steadily changing over the years.

portion：部分

        an insignificant portion：微不足道一部分

the allocation of xx

xxx allotted to A：xxx分配给A

        With roughly 70% of the budget allotted to them, the salaries paid to officers were the largest cost in both years.

almost quarter

three of the four categories

less / more than one-fifth of xxx

the third largest item

形容差距

The difference kept narrowing.差距在缩小

show no preference to xxx, had equal shares.没有差距

Afterwards, the difference grew in a reverse trend.差距反方向发展

the gap was significant again, which was  差距非常重要

the trend reversed again趋势又一次改变

例：

• 比较关系在于【两】个维度：1）年份之间；2）国家之间
• 数据加工：找异也找同，往往先找同；看懂百分比的分母
• 全篇谋篇布局：信息分组（行文思路）；总—分结构；信息递进；信息（量）的分配（到不同的句子）
• 语法/句型关键：时态、比较/最高级、对比关系；句子开头/主语的多样；多种形式的状语
• 词汇关键：表达程度的形容词/副词；表达信息之间逻辑关系的副词；主题词汇

Introduction

介绍图的主题（改写方框里的第一句话）：The tables are an illustration of five European countries’ sales of the ‘Fairtrade’ coffee and bananas, and the tables are based on the statistics of two separate years -- namely 1999 and 2004.

描述图的宏观情况：Overall, the situation varied markedly from country to country // those countries differed markedly (in their sales).

Body

Coffee: 3 vs 2

The UK, Switzerland, Belgium

Denmark, Sweden

In term of the sales of coffee, the UK, Switzerland and Belgium witnessed apparent or even enormous growth in 2004, compared with the year of 1999. The tremendous increase occurred in the UK: the 2004’s sales (20 million euros) are more than 18 times of the 1999’s sales (1.5 million euros). Unlike the these three countries, Denmark and Sweden saw insignificant increase -- 0.2 million euros.

Compared to the year of 1999, the year of 2004 witnessed the notable growth in the sales of the bananas in three countries (Switzerland, the UK and Belgium). In Switzerland, the increase was tremendous, 47 million euros in 2004 compared with 15 million euros in 1999. Belgium and the UK are also notable as a multiple-time increase happened in 2004. Contrary to these three countries, Sweden and Denmark saw obvious fall in the sales of bananas: the 2004’s figure (approx. 1 million euros) was roughly half of that of 1999. 

• 状语形式（句首、中、尾）：

1. 介宾短语
2. 动词的不定式、主动分词、被动分词
3. 独立主格结构
4. 状语从句

主题词汇-- 花费：

• “花费”相关的词

1. expense = 花钱的项目
2. spending = 花钱的项目；行为

expenditure = 花掉的东西（money, time, etc.）