8.6(glibc及数据库的主从复制)

一、glibc安装(回顾及补充)


mysql

清空/etc/目录下的my.cnf

ls -l /etc/my.cnf

rm -rf /etc/my.cnf

yum -y remove mariadb

find / -name "*mysql*" -exec rm -rf {} \;

安装mysql软件包

wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-8.0.33-li

nux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar

解压

[root@Mysql-001 ~]# ls
mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
[root@Mysql-001 ~]# tar -xvf mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar 
[root@Mysql-001 ~]# tar -xf mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz 
[root@Mysql-001 ~]# ls mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
bin  docs  include  lib  LICENSE  man  README  share  support-files

将项目文件移动到/usr/local/mysql/

cp -r mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /usr/local/mysql/
yum list installed | grep libaio   #检查是否有libaio
libaio.x86_64                         0.3.109-13.el7                   @anaconda
[root@Mysql-001 ~]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@Mysql-001 ~]# id mysql
uid=997(mysql) gid=995(mysql) 组=995(mysql)

在/usr/local/mysql/目录下创建mysql-files目录

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files
修改mysql-files的权限为750 所属的组和属主都是mysql

chown mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files/
chmod 750 /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files/
ll /usr/local/mysql/
总用量 292
drwxr-xr-x  2 root  root    4096 8月   5 09:48 bin
drwxr-xr-x  2 root  root      38 8月   5 09:48 docs
drwxr-xr-x  3 root  root     282 8月   5 09:48 include
drwxr-xr-x  6 root  root     201 8月   5 09:48 lib
-rw-r--r--  1 root  root  284945 8月   5 09:48 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x  4 root  root      30 8月   5 09:48 man
drwxr-x---  2 mysql mysql      6 8月   5 09:55 mysql-files
-rw-r--r--  1 root  root     666 8月   5 09:48 README
drwxr-xr-x 28 root  root    4096 8月   5 09:48 share
drwxr-xr-x  2 root  root      77 8月   5 09:48 support-files
初始化数据库

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/
2024-08-05T02:02:01.330394Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.33) initializing of server in progress as process 2825
2024-08-05T02:02:01.345707Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2024-08-05T02:02:02.337448Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2024-08-05T02:02:04.033580Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ax8c5SwT(p/u(mysql密码)
判断是否生成了data目录

ls /usr/local/mysql     #有data目录就是初始化成功了

把mysql.server文件放到/etc/init.d/目录下(方便启动mysql服务 service mysql start)

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql8

service mysql8 start

#修改密码

usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p

alter usr 'root@localhost' identified with mysql_native_password BY 'Zhang@2002';

#添加开机启动

systemctl enable mysqld

chkconfig --list

chkconfig --add mysql8

chkconfig --list

将mysql的bin也添加到$PATH

sed -i  '$aexport PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin/:$PATH' /etc/profile

sed -n '$aexport PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin/:$PATH' /etc/profile

source /etc/profile

mysql

select host,user from mysql.user;
create user 'aaa'@'%' identified by 'aaaa';
select host,user from mysql.user;
quit
打开防火墙或者端口

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --reload

打开navicat远程登陆mysql

create role a;
select host,user from mysql.user;
#角色保存在user表里面
grant all on *.* to a;
#给a所有的权限
show grants for a;
grant a to aaa;
#把a的权限全部给aaa
show grants for aaa;
quit
vim /usr/local/mysql/mysql.cnf

在配置文件中添加activate_all_roles_on_login=on

glibc安装,my.cnf在项目目录之下;

rpm安装。my.cnf文件在/etc/my.cnf

service mysql8 restart

二、主从复制
1、备份的三种类型

(1)热备份

(2)逻辑备份

(3)物理备份(最烧钱)

2、技术

(1)熟悉mysql数据库常见的主从架构

(2)理解mysql主从架构实现原理

(3)掌握mysql主从架构的搭建(主要)

(一)集群
1、集群主要类型

(1)高可用集群 High Avaible Cluster HA cluster
(2)高可用集群是指通过特殊软件,把独立的服务器连接起来,组成一个能够提供故障切换(Fail Over)功能的集群

2、高可用标准

可用性级别指标    年宕机时间    描述    叫法
99%    3.65天    基本可用系统    2个9
99.9%    8.76小时    可用系统    3个9
99.99%    52.6分钟    高可用系统    4个9
99.999%    5.3分钟    扛故障系统    5个9
99.9999%    32秒    容错系统    6个9

3、常用的集群架构

(1)mysql replication
(2)mysql cluster
(3)mysql group replication MGR
(4)Maradb Galera CLuster
(5)MHAlkeepalived HeatBeatLvs,Haproxy等技术构建高可用集群

4、复制原理

1.replication,可以实现将数据从一台数据库服务器(mster)复制到多台数据库服务器slave

2.默认情况下,replication属于异步复制,所以无需长连接
3.工作原理
(1)主服务器master
(2)从服务器 slave
(3)描述

(从服务器不能修改,只能修改主服务器)

(1)slave端的io线程发送请求给master端的binlog dump线程
(2)master端的binlog dump线程获取二进制日志信息(文件名和位置信息)发送给slave端的io线程
(3)slave端的io线程获取到内容,依次写到slave端relaylog(中继日志)并把master端的binlog文件名和位置记录到master。info里头,
(4)slave端的sql线程检测到relaylog中的内容更新,就会解析relaylog中的更新内容,并执行这些操作,从而达到和master端数据一致

5、复制架构体系
(1)双机热备 主从复制

(默认情况下master接收读写,从服务器只接受读)

(2)级联(串联)复制

(可以分担读的压力;中间服务器出现故障就瘫痪了)

(3)并联复制 一主多从

(解决单点故障;承担更多读的压力;从服务器都从主服务器读取数据,master服务器压力大)

(4)双主复制

(看起来可以同时接受读写,实际运作中只有一台服务器在工作,另外一台只接受读)

(二)主从同步实际操作
创建两台虚拟机(master-mysql    slave-mysql)

master-mysql:

[root@master-mysql ~]#  yum -y install ntpdate.x86_64
[root@master-mysql ~]# ntpdate cn.ntp.org.cn
 6 Aug 11:21:00 ntpdate[1204]: adjust time server 182.92.12.11 offset 0.007708 sec
[root@master-mysql ~]# yum -y install rsync

安装mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar包

[root@master-mysql ~]# vim mysql.sh

#!/bin/bash
yum list installed |grep libaio
if [ $? ne 0 ]; then
        yum -y install libaio
fi
echo libaio yes
rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
echo remo my.cnf yes

tar -xf mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
echo tar zx yes

cp -r ~/mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
echo copy file to /usr/local/mysql   yes

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files
echo mysql-files yes

grep mysql /etc/passwd

        useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql

chown mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files
chmod 750 /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql8

sed -i '$aexport PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' /etc/profile
source /etc/profile

[root@master-mysql ~]# source mysql.sh

[root@master-mysql ~]# service mysql8 start
[root@master-mysql ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'Zhang@2002';
quit
[root@master-mysql ~]# vim /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf

[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
port=3306
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/db01-master.err
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data/binlog
server-id=10
character_set_server=utf8mb4

设置开机自启动

[root@master-mysql ~]# systemctl enable mysql8

[root@master-mysql ~]# chkconfig --add mysql8
[root@master-mysql ~]# chkconfig mysql8 on
[root@master-mysql ~]# chkconfig --list

注:该输出结果只显示 SysV 服务,并不包含
原生 systemd 服务。SysV 配置数据
可能被原生 systemd 配置覆盖。 

      要列出 systemd 服务,请执行 'systemctl list-unit-files'。
      查看在具体 target 启用的服务请执行
      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'。

mysql8             0:关    1:关    2:开    3:开    4:开    5:开    6:关
netconsole         0:关    1:关    2:关    3:关    4:关    5:关    6:关
network            0:关    1:关    2:开    3:开    4:开    5:开    6:关

[root@master-mysql ~]# service mysql8 restart

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

[root@master-mysql ~]# service mysql8 stop

[root@master-mysql ~]# rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/auto.cnf

#删除auto.cnf,否则会是主从失败

[root@master-mysql ~]# rsync -av /usr/local/mysql/data root@192.168.1.22:/usr/local/mysql

[root@master-mysql ~]# service mysql8 start

[root@master-mysql ~]# mysql -pZhang@2002

mysql> create user 'slave'@'%' identified by 'Zhang@2002';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
 
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'xiaojiang'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> show variables like 'server_id';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| server_id     | 10    |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
 
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> create database if not exists abc charset utf8;
ERROR 1223 (HY000): Can't execute the query because you have a conflicting read lock
mysql> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File          | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| binlog.000003 |     1183 |              |                  |                   |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#File(当前文件的文件名)  Position(当前位置)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

slave-mysql:


[root@slave-mysql ~]#  yum -y install ntpdate.x86_64

[root@master-mysql ~]# ntpdate cn.ntp.org.cn
 6 Aug 11:21:00 ntpdate[1204]: adjust time server 182.92.12.11 offset 0.007708 sec
[root@slave-mysql ~]# yum -y install rsync

安装mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar包

[root@slave-mysql ~]# vim mysql.sh

#!/bin/bash
yum list installed |grep libaio
if [ $? ne 0 ]; then
        yum -y install libaio
fi
echo libaio yes
rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
echo remo my.cnf yes

tar -xf mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
echo tar zx yes

cp -r ~/mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
echo copy file to /usr/local/mysql   yes

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files
echo mysql-files yes

grep mysql /etc/passwd

        useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql

chown mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files
chmod 750 /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files

注释掉或者删掉

#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/

#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql8

sed -i '$aexport PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' /etc/profile
source /etc/profile

[root@slave-mysql ~]# source mysql.sh

[root@slave-mysql ~]# vim /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
port=3310
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/db01-slave.err
relay-log=/usr/local/mysql/data/relaylog
server-id=11
character_set_server=utf8mb4
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

查看/usr/local/mysql目录下有没有data,有的话就可以开启服务器

[root@slave-mysql ~]# service mysql8 start

[root@slave-mysql ~]# mysql -pZhang@2002;

mysql> change master to
    -> master_host='192.168.1.21',
    -> master_user='xiaojiang',
    -> master_password='Zhang@2002',
    -> master_port=3306,
    -> master_log_file='binlog.000003',
    -> master_log_pos=1183;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 9 warnings (0.02 sec)
 
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.02 sec)
 
mysql> show slave status\G;
需要ssl非对称加密

[root@slave-mysql ~]# mysql -uxiaojiang -pZhang@2002 -h192.168.1.21 -P3306 --get-server-public-key          #获得公钥

登陆slave服务器本地的数据库

[root@slave-mysql ~]# mysql -pZhang@2002 -P3306

停用slave服务,重新配置slave服务

mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.02 sec)
 
mysql> reset slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.03 sec)
 
mysql> change master to
    -> master_host='192.168.1.21',
    -> master_user='xiaojiang',
    -> master_password='Zhang@2002',
    -> master_port=3306,
    -> master_log_file='binlog.000003',
    -> master_log_pos=1183;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 9 warnings (0.01 sec)
启动slave服务

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.02 sec)
 
mysql> show slave status\G;
 
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for source to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.1.21
                  Master_User: xiaojiang
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: binlog.000003
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1183
               Relay_Log_File: relaylog.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 323
        Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000003
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

[root@slave-mysql ~]# mysql -pZhang@2002 -P3306

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