python数据类型 2--列表

2 列表(list)

参考https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-list.html

特点： 可以进行的操作包括索引，切片，加，乘，检查成员。

1 创建

a.创建空列表

num = []
print(num)
print(len(num))

输出

[]
0

b.创建有内容的列表

list1 = ['Google', 'Runoob', 1997, 2000]
print(list1)
print(len(list1))

输出

['Google', 'Runoob', 1997, 2000]
4

c.使用函数**range()**创建数字列表

for value in range(1, 5):#range函数示例
 print(value)

numbers = list(range(1, 6))#函数list() 将range() 的结果直接转换为列表
print(numbers)

even_numbers = list(range(2, 11, 2))#指定步长2
print(even_numbers)

输出

1
2
3
4
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
[2, 4, 6, 8, 10]

d.创建切片

players = ['charles', 'martina', 'michael', 'florence', 'eli']
print(players[0:3])

输出

['charles', 'martina', 'michael']

2 访问列表中的值

a.单值访问（超出范围报错）

①正向索引

list = ['red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'white', 'black']
print( list[0] )#从 0 开始

输出

red

②反向索引

list = ['red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'white', 'black']
print( list[-1] )#从尾部开始，最后一个元素的索引为 -1，往前一位为 -2

输出

black

b.两端索引截取列表切片（超出范围不报错）

①正向截取不超范围

nums = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90]
print(nums[0:4])

输出

[10, 20, 30, 40]

②反向截取仍从左到右截取

nums = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90]
print(nums[-3:-1])

输出

[70, 80]

③超范围截取

i.

nums = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90]
print(nums[1:11])

输出

[20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90]

ii.

nums = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90]
print(nums[11:-1])

输出

[]

c.一端索引截取列表切片

①

nums = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90]
print(nums[3:])

输出

[40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90]

②

nums = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90]
print(nums[-3:])

nums = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90]
print(nums[:3])

nums = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90]
print(nums[:-3])

d.两端无索引切片

my_foods = ['pizza', 'falafel', 'carrot cake']
friend_foods = [1,2,3,4,5,6]

friend_foods = my_foods[:]

print(my_foods)
print(friend_foods)

输出

['pizza', 'falafel', 'carrot cake']
['pizza', 'falafel', 'carrot cake']

e.遍历

magicians = ['alice', 'david', 'carolina']
for magician in magicians:
	print(magician)

print('\n')
   
for magician in magicians[:2]:#遍历切片
	print(magician.title())

输出

alice
david
carolina


Alice
David

3 更新列表

a.直接赋予新列表

list = ['Google', 'Runoob', 1997, 2000]
list[2] = 2001
print(list)

输出

['Google', 'Runoob', 2001, 2000]

b.使用append()方法在末尾增加

list1 = ['Google', 'Runoob', 'Taobao']
list1.append('Baidu')
print ("更新后的列表 : ", list1)

输出

更新后的列表 :  ['Google', 'Runoob', 'Taobao', 'Baidu']

c.使用insert()方法，可指定新元素的索引和值

motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']

motorcycles.insert(0, 'ducati')
print(motorcycles)

输出

['ducati', 'honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']

4 删除列表元素

a.del语句通过特定索引删除

list = ['Google', 'Runoob', 1997, 2000]
print (list)

del list[2]
print (list)

输出

['Google', 'Runoob', 1997, 2000]
['Google', 'Runoob', 2000]

b.remove()方法通过值删除第一个匹配项

list1 = ['Google', 'Runoob', 'Taobao', 'Baidu','Google']
print (list1)#原本的

list1.remove('Taobao')#第一次删
print (list1)

list1.remove('Google')#第二次删
print (list1)

输出

['Google', 'Runoob', 'Taobao', 'Baidu', 'Google']
['Google', 'Runoob', 'Baidu', 'Google']
['Runoob', 'Baidu', 'Google']

c.pop()方法弹出元素

i.

motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
print(motorcycles)

popped_motorcycle = motorcycles.pop()#储存弹出的元素，无参数时弹出末尾元素
print(popped_motorcycle)
print(motorcycles)

输出

['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
suzuki
['honda', 'yamaha']

ii.

motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
print(motorcycles)

popped_motorcycle = motorcycles.pop(0)#弹出特定索引的元素
print(popped_motorcycle)
print(motorcycles)

输出

['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
honda
['yamaha', 'suzuki']

5 Python列表脚本操作符

a. + 组合列表

squares = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
squares += [36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
print(squares)

输出

[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]

b. * 重复列表

list1 = ['Hi!'] * 4
print(list1)

输出

['Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!']

6 嵌套列表

a = ['a', 'b', 'c']
n = [1, 2, 3]
x = [a, n]

print(x)
print(x[0])#a,n可以不是列表
print(x[0][1])

输出

[['a', 'b', 'c'], [1, 2, 3]]
['a', 'b', 'c']
b

7 列表比较

import operator

a = [1, 2]
b = [2, 3]
c = [2, 3]
print("operator.eq(a,b): ", operator.eq(a,b))
print("operator.eq(c,b): ", operator.eq(c,b))

输出

operator.eq(a,b):  False
operator.eq(c,b):  True

8 组织列表

a.使用方法**sort()**对列表永久排序

cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
cars.sort()#字符串按序
print(cars)

cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
cars.sort(reverse=True)#字符串反序
print(cars)

nums = [1214,-124,78]
nums.sort()
print(nums)

输出

['audi', 'bmw', 'subaru', 'toyota']
['toyota', 'subaru', 'bmw', 'audi']
[-124, 78, 1214]

b.对列表临时排序，方法sorted()

cars = ['Bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
print(cars)
print(sorted(cars))
print(sorted(cars,reverse=True))
print(cars)

输出

['Bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
['Bmw', 'audi', 'subaru', 'toyota']
['toyota', 'subaru', 'audi', 'Bmw']
['Bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']

9 对数字列表统计计算

digits = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0]
print(min(digits))
print(max(digits))
print(sum(digits))

输出

0
9
45

10 列表解析

squares = [value**2 for value in range(1, 11)]
print(squares)
#解析：在这个示例中，表达式为value**2 ，它计算平方值。接下来，编写一个for 循环，用于给表达式提供值

输出

[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]