RHCE小练习

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已于 2022-08-29 10:01:14 修改

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分类专栏： RHCE 文章标签：服务器 linux 运维

于 2022-08-28 18:00:57 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_72607586/article/details/126550529

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1.atd和crond两个任务管理程序的区别

atd服务使用的at命令只能执行一次。

crond服务使用的crontab定义的命令，是循环作用的。

2.指定在2022/08/26 09：00将时间写入testmail.txt文件中

[root@localhost ~]# at 09:00 2022-08-28
warning: commands will be executed using /bin/sh
at> echo‘date'>/testmail.txt
at> <EOT>
job 1 at Sun Aug 28 09:00:00 2022

3.指定在每天凌晨4：00将该时间点之前的系统日志信息备份到个目录下（/var/log/messages ），备份后日志文件名显示格式logfileYY-MM-DD HH-MM

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/crontab 
SHELL=/bin/bash
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
MAILTO=root
# For details see man 4 crontabs
# Example of job definition:
# .---------------- minute (0 - 59)
# |  .------------- hour (0 - 23)
# |  |  .---------- day of month (1 - 31)
# |  |  |  .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ...
# |  |  |  |  .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat
# |  |  |  |  |
# *  *  *  *  * user-name  command to be executed
00 04 * * *  root cp /var/log/messages  /logfile`date +%F%R`;echo > /var/log/messages
~

4.在当前主机添加两块网卡，将两块网卡绑定实现网卡冗余操作。

网卡的配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens160 
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
NAME=ens160
UUID=fc76ed1b-5092-4fcd-b947-37d6025ebeb0
DEVICE=ens160
ONBOOT=no

配置网卡

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.addresses 192.168.153.135/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.153.2 ipv4.dns 114.114.114.114 +ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8 ipv4.method manual connection.autoconnect yes

重启网卡

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection up ens160

绑定网卡、查看网卡详情

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli device status 
DEVICE      TYPE      STATE         CONNECTION 
ens160      ethernet  connected     ens160     
virbr0      bridge    connected     virbr0     
ens224      ethernet  disconnected  --         
ens256      ethernet  disconnected  --         
lo          loopback  unmanaged     --         
virbr0-nic  tun       unmanaged     --

连接两块网卡会话

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli device connect ens224
Device 'ens224' successfully activated with '975abf10-ecf5-45d6-9233-c3404ea573c2'.
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli device connect ens256
Device 'ens256' successfully activated with 'e4ff9465-404b-4e0d-a9a7-b24ba2f3c775'.

查看网卡连接

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli device status 
DEVICE      TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION 
ens160      ethernet  connected  ens160     
ens224      ethernet  connected  ens224     
ens256      ethernet  connected  ens256     
virbr0      bridge    connected  virbr0     
lo          loopback  unmanaged  --         
virbr0-nic  tun       unmanaged  -- 
此时ens224和ens256已经连接会话

创建虚拟网卡

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection add type team ifname team0
Connection 'team-team0' (78ebc08c-f630-4506-b28e-8f6fb1f23a93) successfully added.
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:99:5c:31 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.153.135/24 brd 192.168.153.255 scope global noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe99:5c31/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:c3:a2:e1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global noprefixroute virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:c3:a2:e1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: ens256: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:99:5c:45 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.153.136/24 brd 192.168.153.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens256
       valid_lft 1716sec preferred_lft 1716sec
    inet6 fe80::5822:3bbf:bafe:d3eb/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
6: ens224: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:99:5c:3b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.153.134/24 brd 192.168.153.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens224
       valid_lft 1703sec preferred_lft 1703sec
    inet6 fe80::6382:4a29:54ee:c3ce/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
虚拟网卡
7: team0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether be:9f:4d:90:f9:de brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

将虚拟网卡绑定到物理网卡

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection add type team-slave ifname ens224 con-name team0-port1 master team0
Connection 'team0-port1' (3fb19a3e-888e-4113-b93b-b28dc0e827b2) successfully added.
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection add type team-slave ifname ens256 con-name team0-port2 master team0
Connection 'team0-port2' (74768541-afce-4ad2-9414-acc194178f58) successfully added.
主卡为team0

先激活从卡，再激活主卡

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection up team0-port1
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/10)
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection up team0-port2
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/11)
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection up team0
Error: unknown connection 'team0'.
查看激活状态
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection show 
NAME         UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
ens160       fc76ed1b-5092-4fcd-b947-37d6025ebeb0  ethernet  ens160 
team-team0   78ebc08c-f630-4506-b28e-8f6fb1f23a93  team      team0  
virbr0       f7caf29d-a34e-48b5-98e7-a57072cbdaed  bridge    virbr0 
team0-port1  3fb19a3e-888e-4113-b93b-b28dc0e827b2  ethernet  ens224 
team0-port2  74768541-afce-4ad2-9414-acc194178f58  ethernet  ens256 
ens224       975abf10-ecf5-45d6-9233-c3404ea573c2  ethernet  --     
ens256       e4ff9465-404b-4e0d-a9a7-b24ba2f3c775  ethernet  --

teamdctl查看team0的工作方式

[root@localhost ~]# teamdctl team0 stat
setup:
  runner: roundrobin
ports:
  ens224
    link watches:
      link summary: up
      instance[link_watch_0]:
        name: ethtool
        link: up
        down count: 0
  ens256
    link watches:
      link summary: up
      instance[link_watch_0]:
        name: ethtool
        link: up
        down count: 0

停止从会话

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection down team0-port1
Connection 'team0-port1' successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/10)
再次查看
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection show 
NAME         UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
ens160       fc76ed1b-5092-4fcd-b947-37d6025ebeb0  ethernet  ens160 
ens224       975abf10-ecf5-45d6-9233-c3404ea573c2  ethernet  ens224 
team-team0   78ebc08c-f630-4506-b28e-8f6fb1f23a93  team      team0  
virbr0       f7caf29d-a34e-48b5-98e7-a57072cbdaed  bridge    virbr0