JAVA中HTTPCLIENT的使用

HttpClient的使用步骤:

一、使用Apache的HttpClient发送GET和POST请求的步骤如下: 

1. 使用帮助类HttpClients创建CloseableHttpClient对象. 2. 基于要发送的HTTP请求类型创建HttpGet或者HttpPost实例. 

3. 使用addHeader方法添加请求头部,诸如User-Agent, Accept-Encoding等参数. 

4. 对于POST请求,创建NameValuePair列表,并添加所有的表单参数.然后把它填充进HttpPost实体. 

5. 通过执行此HttpGet或者HttpPost请求获取CloseableHttpResponse实例 

6. 从此CloseableHttpResponse实例中获取状态码,错误信息,以及响应页面等等. 

7. 最后关闭HttpClient资源.

二、使用HttpClient发送请求、接收响应很简单,一般需要如下几步即可:

1. 创建HttpClient对象,HttpClients.createDefault()。

2. 创建请求方法的实例,并指定请求URL。如果需要发送GET请求,创建HttpGet对象;如果需要发送POST请求,创建HttpPost对象,HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url)。

3. 如果需要发送请求参数,可调用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HetpParams params)方法来添加请求参数;对于HttpPost对象而言,也可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。List valuePairs = new LinkedList();valuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(),entry.getValue()));httpPost.setEntity(formEntity)。

4. 调用HttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求,该方法返回一个HttpResponse。

5. 调用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头;调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象,该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。

6. 释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功,都必须释放连接

httpClient实例:

实例一:

package http;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.LinkedList;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

import java.util.Map.Entry;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;

import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;

import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;

import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;

import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;

import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;

public class HttpTest {

    public Boolean isRequestSuccessful(HttpResponse httpresponse){

        return httpresponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()==200;

    }

    public String HttpPost(String param1,String param2,String url) throws Exception{

        Maptring,String> personMap = new HashMap();

        personMap.put("param1",param1);

        personMap.put("param1",param2);

        ListNameValuePair> list = new LinkedListNameValuePair>();

        for(Entryng,String> entry:personMap.entrySet()){

            list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(),entry.getValue()));

        }

        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);

        UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list,"utf-8");

        httpPost.setEntity(formEntity);

        HttpClient httpCient = HttpClients.CreatDefault();

        HttpResponse httpresponse = null;

        try{

        httpresponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

        HttpEntity httpEntity = httpresponse.getEntity();

        String response = EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity, "utf-8");

        return response;

        }catch(ClientProtocolException e){

                System.out.println("http请求失败,uri{},exception{}");

            }catch(IOException e){

                System.out.println("http请求失败,uri{},exception{}");

            }

            return null;

    }

     

}

  

 实例二:

package com.kingdee.opensys.common.util.http;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;

import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;

import org.apache.http.client.entity.GzipDecompressingEntity;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpRequestBase;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;

import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;

import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import org.slf4j.Logger;

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class HttpClientHelper {

    private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpClientHelper.class);

    private static HttpClientHelper instance = null;

    private static Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    private static CloseableHttpClient httpClient;

     

    public HttpClientHelper(){

        instance = this;

    }

    public static HttpClientHelper getHttpClient(){

        if(instance == null){

            lock.lock();

            try{

                instance = new HttpClientHelper();

            }catch(Exception e){

                e.printStackTrace();

            }finally{

                lock.unlock();

            }

        }

        return instance;

    }

     

    public void init(){

        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager pool = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();

        pool.setMaxTotal(500);

        pool.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(50);

        httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().setConnectionManager(pool).build();

    }

     

    public byte[] executeAndReturnByte(HttpRequestBase request) throws Exception{

        HttpEntity entity = null;

        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

        byte[] base = new byte[0];

        if(request==null){

            return base;

        }

        if(httpClient==null){

            init();

        }

        if(httpClient==null){

            logger.error("http获取异常");

            return base;

        }

        response = httpClient.execute(request);

        entity = response.getEntity();

        if(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()==200){

            String encode = (""+response.getFirstHeader("Content-Encoding")).toLowerCase();

            if(encode.indexOf("gzip")>0){

                entity = new GzipDecompressingEntity(entity);

            }

            base = EntityUtils.toByteArray(entity);

        }else{

            logger.error(""+response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());

        }

        EntityUtils.consumeQuietly(entity);

        response.close();

        httpClient.close();

        return base;

    }

     

    public String execute(HttpRequestBase request) throws Exception{

        byte[] base = executeAndReturnByte(request);

        if(base==null){

            return null;

        }

        String result = new String(base,"UTF-8");

        return result;

    }

}

package com.kingdee.opensys.common.util.http;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import java.util.Iterator;

import java.util.LinkedList;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;

import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;

import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;

import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;

import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

public class HttpHelper {

    private static String UTF8 = "UTF-8";

    private static RequestConfig requestConfig;

     

    public static String post(Mapng> header,Map params,String url) throws Exception{

        HttpPost post = null;

        post = new HttpPost(url);

        if(header!=null){

            for(String key:header.keySet()){

                post.addHeader(key, header.get(key));

            }

        }

        if(params!=null){

            List list = new LinkedListir>();

            post.setConfig(getRequestConfig());

            for(String key:params.keySet()){

                list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key,params.get(key)));

            }

            UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list,UTF8);

            post.setEntity(entity);

        }

        return HttpClientHelper.getHttpClient().execute(post);

    }

    public static String post(Mapng> header,String jsonObject,String url) throws Exception{

        HttpPost post = null;

        post = new HttpPost(url);

        if(header!=null){

            for(String key:header.keySet()){

                post.addHeader(key, header.get(key));

            }

        }

        if(jsonObject.isEmpty()){

            throw new Exception("jsonObject不能为空!");

        }

        HttpEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonObject,"UTF-8");

        return HttpClientHelper.getHttpClient().execute(post);

    }

    public static String post(Mapng> params,String url) throws Exception{

        HttpPost post = null;

        post = new HttpPost(url);

        List list = new LinkedList();

        post.setConfig(getRequestConfig());

        for(String key:params.keySet()){

            list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key,params.get(key)));

        }

        UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list,UTF8);

        post.setEntity(entity);

        return HttpClientHelper.getHttpClient().execute(post);

    }

     

    public static RequestConfig getRequestConfig(){

        if(requestConfig==null){

            requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectionRequestTimeout(20000)

                    .setConnectTimeout(20000).setSocketTimeout(20000).build();

        }

        return requestConfig;

    }

     

    public static String getClientIp(HttpServletRequest request){

        String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");

        if(ip==null||ip.length()==0||"unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)){

            ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");

        }

        if(ip==null||ip.length()==0||"unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)){

            ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client_IP");

        }

        if(ip==null||ip.length()==0||"unkonwn".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)){

            ip = request.getRemoteAddr();

        }

        if(ip.length()

            ip="0.0.0.0";

        }

        return ip;

    }

}

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