算法通关村十二关——字符串经典基础面试题

反转字符串

public static void reverseString(char[] s) {
        int n = s.length;
        for (int left = 0, right = n - 1; left < right; ++left, --right) {
            char tmp = s[left];
            s[left] = s[right];
            s[right] = tmp;
        }
    }

K个一组反转

public static String reverseStr(String s, int k) {
        int n = s.length();
        char[] arr = s.toCharArray();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i += 2 * k) {
            reverse(arr, i, Math.min(i + k, n) - 1);
        }
        return new String(arr);
    }

    public static void reverse(char[] arr, int left, int right) {
        while (left < right) {
            char temp = arr[left];
            arr[left] = arr[right];
            arr[right] = temp;
            left++;
            right--;
        }
    }

仅仅反转字母

public static String reverseOnlyLetters(String S) {
        Stack<Character> letters = new Stack();
        for (char c : S.toCharArray()) {
            if (Character.isLetter(c)) {
                letters.push(c);
            }
        }

        StringBuilder ans = new StringBuilder();
        for (char c : S.toCharArray()) {
            if (Character.isLetter(c)) {
                ans.append(letters.pop());
            }
            else {
                ans.append(c);
            }
        }

        return ans.toString();
    }

反转字符串里的单词

public class ReverseWords {
    public static String reverseWords(String s) {
        StringBuilder sb = trimSpaces(s);

        // 翻转字符串
        reverse(sb, 0, sb.length() - 1);
        // 翻转每个单词
        reverseEachWord(sb);
        return sb.toString();
    }

    public static StringBuilder trimSpaces(String s) {
        int left = 0, right = s.length() - 1;
        // 去掉字符串开头的空白字符
        while (left <= right && s.charAt(left) == ' ') {
            ++left;
        }

        // 去掉字符串末尾的空白字符
        while (left <= right && s.charAt(right) == ' ') {
            --right;
        }

        // 将字符串间多余的空白字符去除
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        while (left <= right) {
            char c = s.charAt(left);

            if (c != ' ') {
                sb.append(c);
            } else if (sb.charAt(sb.length() - 1) != ' ') {
                sb.append(c);
            }
            ++left;
        }
        return sb;
    }

    public static void reverse(StringBuilder sb, int left, int right) {
        while (left < right) {
            char tmp = sb.charAt(left);
            sb.setCharAt(left++, sb.charAt(right));
            sb.setCharAt(right--, tmp);
        }
    }

    public static void reverseEachWord(StringBuilder sb) {
        int n = sb.length();
        int start = 0, end = 0;

        while (start < n) {
            // 循环至单词的末尾
            while (end < n && sb.charAt(end) != ' ') {
                ++end;
            }
            // 翻转单词
            reverse(sb, start, end - 1);
            // 更新start，去找下一个单词
            start = end + 1;
            ++end;
        }
    }
}

验证回文字符串

public static boolean isPalindrome(String s) {
        StringBuffer sgood = new StringBuffer();
        int length = s.length();
        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            char ch = s.charAt(i);
            if (Character.isLetterOrDigit(ch)) {
                sgood.append(Character.toLowerCase(ch));
            }
        }
        StringBuffer sgood_rev = new StringBuffer(sgood).reverse();
        return sgood.toString().equals(sgood_rev.toString());
    }

字符串中的第一个唯一字符

public static int firstUniqChar(String s) {
        if (s == null || s.length() == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        Map<Character, Integer> frequency = new HashMap<Character, Integer>();
        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); ++i) {
            char ch = s.charAt(i);
            frequency.put(ch, frequency.getOrDefault(ch, 0) + 1);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); ++i) {
            if (frequency.get(s.charAt(i)) == 1) {
                return i;
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }

判断是否为字符重排

public static boolean checkPermutation(String s1, String s2) {
        if (s1.length() != s2.length()) {
            return false;
        }
        char[] s1Chars = s1.toCharArray();
        Map<Character, Integer> s1Map = getMap(s1);
        Map<Character, Integer> s2Map = getMap(s2);
        for (char s1Char : s1Chars) {
            if (!s2Map.containsKey(s1Char) || (int)s2Map.get(s1Char) != (int)s1Map.get(s1Char)) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    // 统计指定字符串str中各字符的出现次数，并以Map的形式返回
    public static Map<Character, Integer> getMap(String str) {
        Map<Character, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
        char[] chars = str.toCharArray();
        for (char aChar : chars) {
            map.put(aChar, map.getOrDefault(aChar, 0) + 1);
        }
        return map;
    }