【JavaEE】spring引入

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于 2024-07-26 09:47:00 发布

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分类专栏： JavaEE 文章标签： java-ee spring windows

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_73075027/article/details/140707450

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文章目录

- Hello World
- 控制反转 - IOC

spring 框架常用场景：

ORM -> DAO(Data access object) -> POJO -> 被 IOC 容器管理 -> service - 业务逻辑层 -> controller - 业务展示层

Hello World

设计一个查询用户的案例的两个需求，来看spring框架做了什么简化的工作

查询用户数据 - 来看DAO +POJO -> Service的初始化和装载
给所有Service的查询方法记录日志

创建一个 Maven的Java项目
引入Spring框架的POM依赖，以及查看这些依赖之间的关系

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>tech.pdai</groupId>
    <artifactId>001-spring-framework-demo-helloworld-xml</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        <spring.version>5.3.9</spring.version>
        <aspectjweaver.version>1.9.6</aspectjweaver.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>${aspectjweaver.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

POJO - User

package tech.pdai.springframework.entity;

/**
 * @author pdai
 */
public class User {

    /**
     * user's name.
     */
    private String name;

    /**
     * user's age.
     */
    private int age;

    /**
     * init.
     *
     * @param name name
     * @param age  age
     */
    public User(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

DAO 获取 POJO，UserDaoServiceImpl（mock数据）

package tech.pdai.springframework.dao;

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

import tech.pdai.springframework.entity.User;

/**
 * @author pdai
 */
public class UserDaoImpl {

    /**
     * init.
     */
    public UserDaoImpl() {
    }

    /**
     * mocked to find user list.
     *
     * @return user list
     */
    public List<User> findUserList() {
        return Collections.singletonList(new User("pdai", 18));
    }
}

并增加daos.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <bean id="userDao" class="tech.pdai.springframework.dao.UserDaoImpl">
        <!-- additional collaborators and configuration for this bean go here -->
    </bean>
    <!-- more bean definitions for data access objects go here -->
</beans>

业务层 UserServiceImpl（调用DAO层）

package tech.pdai.springframework.service;

import java.util.List;

import tech.pdai.springframework.dao.UserDaoImpl;
import tech.pdai.springframework.entity.User;

/**
 * @author pdai
 */
public class UserServiceImpl {

    /**
     * user dao impl.
     */
    private UserDaoImpl userDao;

    /**
     * init.
     */
    public UserServiceImpl() {
    }

    /**
     * find user list.
     *
     * @return user list
     */
    public List<User> findUserList() {
        return this.userDao.findUserList();
    }

    /**
     * set dao.
     *
     * @param userDao user dao
     */
    public void setUserDao(UserDaoImpl userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }
}

并增加services.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <!-- services -->
    <bean id="userService" class="tech.pdai.springframework.service.UserServiceImpl">
        <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
        <!-- additional collaborators and configuration for this bean go here -->
    </bean>
    <!-- more bean definitions for services go here -->
</beans>

拦截所有service中的方法，并输出记录

package tech.pdai.springframework.aspect;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.EnableAspectJAutoProxy;

/**
 * @author pdai
 */
@Aspect
public class LogAspect {

    /**
     * aspect for every methods under service package.
     */
    @Around("execution(* tech.pdai.springframework.service.*.*(..))")
    public Object businessService(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable {
        // get attribute through annotation
        Method method = ((MethodSignature) pjp.getSignature()).getMethod();
        System.out.println("execute method: " + method.getName());

        // continue to process
        return pjp.proceed();
    }

}

并且增加aspects.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
">

    <context:component-scan base-package="tech.pdai.springframework" />

    <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>

    <bean id="logAspect" class="tech.pdai.springframework.aspect.LogAspect">
        <!-- configure properties of aspect here as normal -->
    </bean>
    <!-- more bean definitions for data access objects go here -->
</beans>

组装App

package tech.pdai.springframework;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import tech.pdai.springframework.entity.User;
import tech.pdai.springframework.service.UserServiceImpl;

/**
 * @author pdai
 */
public class App {

    /**
     * main interfaces.
     *
     * @param args args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // create and configure beans
        ApplicationContext context =
                new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("aspects.xml", "daos.xml", "services.xml");

        // retrieve configured instance
        UserServiceImpl service = context.getBean("userService", UserServiceImpl.class);

        // use configured instance
        List<User> userList = service.findUserList();

        // print info from beans
        userList.forEach(a -> System.out.println(a.getName() + "," + a.getAge()));
    }
}

整体结构和运行app

以上例子体现了 Spring 的核心要点：

控制反转 - IOC

查询用户（service 通过调用 dao 查询 pojo），本质上如何创建 User/Dao/Service

如果没有spring框架，我们需要自己创建User/Dao/Service等，比如：

UserDaoImpl userDao = new UserDaoImpl();
UserServiceImpl userService = new UserServiceImpl();
userService.setUserDao(userDao);
List<User> userList = userService.findUserList();

有了spring框架，可以将原有的Bean的创建工作转给框架，需要用的时候从 Bean 容器中获取即可，这样就简化了开发工作。

Bean 的创建和使用分离了

// create and configure beans
ApplicattionContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("aspects.xml", "daos.xml", "services.xml");
// retrieve connfigured instance
UserServiceImpl service = context.getBean("userService", UserServiceImpl.class);
// use configured instance
List<User> userList = service.findUserList();

Spring框架管理这些Bean的创建工作，即由用户管理Bean转变为框架管理Bean，这个就叫控制反转 - Inversion of Control (IoC)
Spring 框架托管创建的Bean放在哪里呢？这便是IoC Container;
Spring 框架为了更好让用户配置Bean，必然会引入不同方式来配置Bean？这便是xml配置，Java配置，注解配置等支持
Spring 框架既然接管了Bean的生成，必然需要管理整个Bean的生命周期等；
应用程序代码从Ioc Container中获取依赖的Bean，注入到应用程序中，这个过程叫 依赖注入(Dependency Injection，DI) ；所以说控制反转是通过依赖注入实现的，其实它们是同一个概念的不同角度描述。通俗来说就是IoC是设计思想，DI是实现方式
在依赖注入时，有哪些方式呢？这就是构造器方式，@Autowired, @Resource, @Qualifier… 同时Bean之间存在依赖（可能存在先后顺序问题，以及循环依赖问题等）