元组类型
元组表示有限元素构成的有序列表。元组类型是数组类型的子类型。元组是长度固定的数组,元组总每个元素都有具体的类型
元组的定义
[T0, T1, T2,...,Tn]
const point: [number,number] = [0, 0]
只读元组
使用readonly修饰符或者Readonly工具类型
readonly
const point: readonly[number,number] = [0, 0]
Readonly
const point: Readonly<[number,number]> = [0, 0]
再给只读元组复制的时候,只允许将常规元组赋值给只读元组类型,但是不允许将只读元组赋值给常规元组类型。
const a: [number] = [0]
const ra: readonly [number] = [0]
const x: readonly [number] = a // 正确
const y: [number] = ra // 错误
访问元组中的元素
const score: [string, number] = ['math', 100]
const course = score[0] // string
const grade = score[1] // number
const foo: boolean = score[0] //编译错误: 类型string不能赋值给类型boolean
const bar: boolean = score[1] // 编译错误,类型number不能赋值给类型boolean
越界访问
const score: [string, number] = ['math', 100]
const course = score[2] // 编译错误: 索引2超出数组长度
元素类型中的可选元素
[T0, T1?, ..., Tn?]
T0是元素中的必选元素。T1,Tn表示可选元素
const tuple: [boolean, string?, number?] = [true, 'yes', 1]
tuple = [true]
tuple = [true, 'yes']
元组类型中的剩余元素
[...T[]]
const tuple: [number, ...string[]] = [0, 'a', 'b']
tuple = [0]
tuple = [0, 'a']
tuple = [0, 'a', 'b']
元组的长度
const tuple: [number, ...string[]] = [0, 'a']
const len = tuple.length // 2
元组类型和数组类型的兼容性
只读元组只允许赋值给只读数组类型,不允许将数组类型赋值给元组类型
const t: [number, number] = [0,0]
const rt: readonly [number, number] = [0, 0]
let a: number[]
let ra: readonly number[]
ra = t
ra = rt