Springboot整合使用JPA进行增删改查
一、添加maven依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId> </dependency>
二、创建数据库表t_user
CREATE TABLE `t_user` ( `id` bigint NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `username` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '用户', `password` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '密码', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=131 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb3;
三、yaml文件配置
#MySql8.0 spring: datasource: driverClassName: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/order_system?useSSL=false&characterEncoding=utf-8&useUnicode=true&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai username: root password: 123456 #JPA配置 jpa: hibernate: #更新或创建表结构 ddl-auto: update #控制台显示sql show-sql: true
四、创建实体类TUser
import lombok.Getter; import lombok.Setter; import lombok.ToString; import javax.persistence.*; @Entity @Table(name = "t_user") @Setter @Getter @ToString public class TUser { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)//配置主键的生成策略 @Column(name = "id") //指定和表中id字段的映射关系 private Integer id; @Column(name = "username") //指定和表中username字段的映射关系 private String username; @Column(name = "password") //指定和表中password字段的映射关系 private String password; }
五、编写DAO层 extends CrudRepository
import com.example.domain.TUser; import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository; @Repository public interface TUserRepository extends CrudRepository<TUser,Integer> { }
六、编写controller层测试增删改查
1、增加 save
@RestController public class TUserController { @Autowired private TUserRepository tUserRepository; @PostMapping("/addTUser") public String addTUser(@RequestBody TUser tUser){ tUserRepository.save(tUser); return "SUCCESS"; }
postman测试:
2、删除 deleteById
@RestController public class TUserController { @Autowired private TUserRepository tUserRepository; @DeleteMapping("/deleteTUser") public String deleteTUser(Integer id) { tUserRepository.deleteById(id); return "SUCCESS"; } }
postman测试:
3、查询 findById
@RestController public class TUserController { @Autowired private TUserRepository tUserRepository; @GetMapping("/getUser") public Optional<TUser> getUser(Integer id) { return tUserRepository.findById(id); } }
postman测试:
4、自定义查询
JPA可以根据不同的查询条件在 DAO层接口中
自定义查询。
比如:定义一个 根据id和username为查询条件
的方法。
import com.example.domain.TUser; import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository; @Repository public interface TUserRepository extends CrudRepository<TUser,Integer> { TUser findTUserByIdAndUsername(Integer id,String username); }
controller层调用:
@RestController public class TUserController { @Autowired private TUserRepository tUserRepository; @GetMapping("/getTuser") public TUser getTuser(@RequestParam Integer id,@RequestParam String username){ return tUserRepository.findTUserByIdAndUsername(id,username); } }
postman测试:
注意:
在使用JPA中,发现JPA实现了一些方法,如find,save等,但是没有update。如果想通过JPA进行修改,可以通过以下两种方式:
- 使用@Query,编写nativeSQL,通过原生的SQLupdate。优点,可以自己定制,缺点,SQL语句繁琐,不灵活,不能实现动态更改某个属性。
在DAO层接口定义update方法:
注意:
①写update原生sql语句,与查询语句的注解不同,除了 @Query
,还需要两个额外注解 @Modifying
和 @Transactional
②SQL语句用了 具名参数
,在方法中用 @Param
注解与其映射
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Modifying; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query; import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository; import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; @Repository public interface TUserRepository extends CrudRepository<TUser, Integer> { @Modifying @Transactional @Query(value = "UPDATE T_USER SET USERNAME = :username WHERE ID = :id", nativeQuery = true) void updateTUser(@Param("username") String username, @Param("id") int id); }
controller层调用:
注意:
调用update方法传入参数的顺序要和定义方法传入参数的顺序一致。
@RestController public class TUserController { @Autowired private TUserRepository tUserRepository; @PutMapping("/updTUser") public String updTUser(@RequestParam String username,@RequestParam Integer id){ tUserRepository.updateTUser(username,id); return "SUCCESS"; } }
postman测试:
- 通过set方法加save方法。直接find出要修改的数据,通过set方法先把对象的某个属性更新,然后调用save方法,再次保存。( 较麻烦,不做演示 )