倒装
全倒:谓语的全部放在主语的前面
条件
- 当表示时间、地点或方位的副词位于句首,如now,then,here,there,down,out,off,back,away
例:Here comes the bus to the airport.去机场的大巴来了
Out rushed the students after school.放学后同学们冲了出去
In came the teacher,with a book in his hand.老师来了,手里拿着一本书
2. 当表示地点的介词位于句首时,如under the tree,in the classroom,on the wall,in the house
例:In the house lives an old man,shabbily dressed.房子里住着一个老人,穿着单薄
3. there引出的完全倒装句型,there后可接appear,come,exist,lie,live,remain,stand,happen,occur等不及物动词
例: During the period of spring tide,there occur more strong current events.在大潮期间,更多的强流事件发生
半倒:将谓语的一部分,如be动词,助动词或情态动词放在主语之前
条件
1. 表示否定的或部分否定的词或短语位于句首,如: never(从不), seldom(很少), scarcely/hardly/rarely(几乎不), no(不), little(几乎没有), nowhere(哪里都不), no longer(不再……), hardly/scarcely……when……(一……就……), no sooner……than……(一……就……), in no case(决不), in no way(决不), on no account(决不), at no time(从来没有), under no circumstance(决不), not until(直到……才),not only……but (also)……(不仅……而且……),neither(不), nor(不)
例:Under no circumstance may we use the telephone in the office for personal affairs.在任何情况下我们都不能把办公室的电话用于私事。
2. 在hardly/scarcely/……when……, no sooner……than……这三个句型中,hardly/scarcely/no sooner位于句首时,主句半倒,且主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去式(前倒后不倒)
例:Hardly had we finished the work when the electricity was cut down.我们一完成作业就断电了
3. 在Not only……but (also)……句型中,not only位于句首时,半倒(前倒后不倒)
例:Not only did he make a promise but (also) he kept it他不仅承诺了,而且遵守了它.
4. 在Not until位句首引出的句子中,通常选did(前不倒后倒)
例:Not until the baby fell asleep did the mother leave the room.直到小宝宝睡着了,这位母亲才离开房间
5. only + 状语(从句)位于句首时,需将句子进行部分倒装(前不倒后倒)
例:Only when one falls in love can one understand the true meaning of it.只有当一个人恋爱了才会理解它真正的意义
6. so……that……和such…… that……表示如此……以至于……,所修饰的句子位于句首时,that前需要半倒(前倒后不倒) so的基本句型:so + adj./adv. + be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 其它 such的基本句型:such + a/an/the + adj. + 动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 其它
例1:So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.光跑得如此的快以至于我们难以想象它的速度
例2:such a cute girl is she that everyone likes her.她是如此可爱的一个女孩以至于每个人都喜欢她
7. As表示虽然,但是引导从句需将表语或状语(名词、形容词、副词、分词、实义动词)提前(前倒后不倒),其基本句型为:adj./adv./n. + as + 主语 + 谓语 或 实义动词 + as + 主语 +情态动词/助动词
例: Try as she did/Best as she tried , she didn’t lift/move the rock.她虽然尽力了,但还是弄不动这快石头。
8. 当as前的名词是可数名词单数时,前面不加任何冠词
例:Child as he is, he knows a lot of logical knowledge.虽然他是个小孩子,但他知道很多逻辑学知识。
9. Although引导从句时,从句不倒装
例:Although he is a child, he knows a lot of logical knowledge.尽管他是个小孩,但他知道很多逻辑学知识
10. 如果前面所述情况与后面相同,后面句子用so来肯定,neither、nor来肯否并引出倒装并省略与前一句相同成分。基本句型为:so + be/助/情 + 主语(为肯定,表示……也一样)
neither/nor + be/助/情 + 主语(为肯否,表示……也不一样)
例1:Lily can ride a bike, so can her brother.莉莉能骑自行车,她的兄弟也能
例2:Lily can’t ride a bike, nor/neither can her brother. 莉莉不能骑自行车,她的兄弟也不能
11. 当so引导的句子用于对上文内容(可为肯定与否定)加以肯定时,不倒装,表示的确如此
例:He is good at English. ---so he is.他英语很好 他的确是
12. 当上文既有肯定又有否定或有两个谓语时用so it is/was with sb.
例:His uncle is a sophisticated worker and hasn’t been retiring, so it is with his aunt.他叔叔是有一个老练的员工并且还有没有退休,他的阿姨也是这样。
强调句
- 陈述句的强调句为it is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who/whom + 剩余部分。可用于强调主语、宾语、状语等,但不能强调谓语,
陈述句:I helped you at the railway station yesterday.我昨天在地铁站帮助了你
强调主句:It was I that(who) helped you at the railway station yesterday.
强调宾语:It was you that(whom) I helped at the railway station yesterday.
强调地点状语: It was at the railway station that I helped you yesterday.
强调时间状语: It was yesterday that I helped you at the railway station.
2. not until强调结构为It was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 剩余部分, 表示直到……才,不倒装,此时为陈述句语序
例:It was not until dark she realized that it was too late to go home.直到天黑她才意识到回家也太晚了
综合练习
- The medal didn’t cost too much, _B_ very good. 这块奖牌没有花费太多,它也不是很好
A.or was it B. nor was it
C.or did it D. nor did it
分析:选项中没有强调肯定之前的选项,后者是强调前者的情况适用与后者的基础上再进行补充说明。