三层架构
表现层:负责数据展示
业务层:负责业务处理
数据层:负责数据操作
springMVC步骤
导入maven依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- servlet3.1规范的坐标 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!--jsp坐标-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!--spring的坐标-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--spring web的坐标-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--springmvc的坐标-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
创建controller
@Controller
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping("/save")
public String say(){
System.out.println("你好");
return "a.jsp";
}
}
创建spring-mvc.xml配置文件(本质就是spring的配置件)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xinzhi"/>
</beans>
web.xml中配置前端控制器
<servlet>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath*:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
新建a.jsp文件
配置tomcat
启动测试
# 1 默认类型:
@RequestMapping("/m1")
public ModelAndView say(HttpServletRequest request, ModelAndView modelAndView){
String name = request.getParameter("name");
System.out.println(name);
modelAndView.setViewName("a.jsp");
modelAndView.addObject("name", name);
return modelAndView;
}
jsp页面中要引入
<%@ page isELIgnored="false"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<body>
${name}
</body>
# 简单类型:
@RequestMapping("/m2")
public String say2(@RequestParam("username") String name, String age){
System.out.println(name);
System.out.println(age);
return "a.jsp";
}
# 对象类型
@RequestMapping("/m3")
public String say3(Student student){
System.out.println(student);
return "b.jsp";
}
访问路径: http://localhost:8080/webdemo_war/m4?id=1&num=111122223333&user.age=11&user.username=%E9%9F%A9%E5%93%A5%E5%93%A5
# 数组
@RequestMapping("/m5")
public String say5(Integer[] ids){
if(ids!=null){
for (Integer id : ids) {
System.out.println(id);
}
}
return "b.jsp";
}
访问路径:http://localhost:8080/webdemo_war/m5?ids=1&ids=2
# list类型
@RequestMapping("/m6")
public String say6(@RequestParam("hobby")List<String> hobby){
System.out.println(hobby);
return "b.jsp";
}
http://localhost:8080/webdemo_war/m6?hobby=%E6%B8%B8%E6%B3%B3&hobby=%E6%B3%A1%E5%A6%9E
注意: SpringMVC默认将List作为对象处理,赋值前先创建对象,然后将hobby作为对象的属性进行处理。由于
List是接口,无法创建对象,报无法找到构造方法异常;修复类型为可创建对象的ArrayList类型后,对象可
以创建,但没有hobby属性,因此数据为空。此时需要告知SpringMVC的处理器hobby是一组数据,而不是一个单
一数据。通过@RequestParam注解,将数量大于1个names参数打包成参数数组后, SpringMVC才能识别该数
据格式,并判定形参类型是否为数组或集合,并按数组或集合对象的形式操作数据。
RequestParam 当前端传过来的参数和后端的参数名称不一样的时候,可以让他们映射起来
自定义数据绑定
public class MyDateConverter implements Converter<String, Date> {
@Override
public Date convert(String s) {
DateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
Date date = null;
try {
date = df.parse(s);
} catch (ParseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return date;
}
}
注解驱动,使转换器起作用
<!--1.将自定义Converter注册为Bean,受SpringMVC管理-->
<bean id="myDateConverter" class="com.xinzhi.converter.MyDateConverter"/>
<!--2.设定自定义Converter服务bean-->
<bean id="conversionService"
class="org.springframework.context.support.ConversionServiceFactoryBean">
<!--3.注入所有的自定义Converter,该设定使用的是同类型覆盖的思想-->
<property name="converters">
<!--4.set保障同类型转换器仅保留一个,去重规则以Converter<S,T>的泛型为准-->
<set>
<!--5.具体的类型转换器-->
<ref bean="myDateConverter"/>
</set>
</property>
</bean>
<!--开启注解驱动,加载自定义格式化转换器对应的类型转换服务-->
<mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="conversionService"/>