贪吃蛇

一 、实现贪吃蛇的步骤：

1.画地图

2.画蛇

3.移动

二 、画地图

1.先确定地图的大小

int height=20;
int weight=20;

2.画出边框

 for (int i = 0; i < height; ++i) 
{
        for (int j = 0; j < weight; ++j)
        {
            if (i == 0 || i == height - 1)
             {    
                map[i][j] = 1;  
             }
            else if (j == 0 || j == weight - 1)
            { 
                map[i][j] = 1;
            }
            else
            {
                map[i][j] = 0; 
            }
         }
}

3用■代表边框和蛇身，中间用□划分，●代表蛇头，★代表食物

for (int i = 0; i < height; ++i) {
        for (int j = 0; j < weight; ++j) {
            if (map[i][j] == 1) {
                cout << "■";
            }
            else if (map[i][j] == 2)
            {
                cout << "●";
            }
            else if (i == star[0] && j == star[1])
            {
                cout << "★";
            }
            else {
                cout << "□";
            }
        }
        cout << '\n';
    }

二、画蛇

 map[p->i][p->j] = 2;	/
    p = p->next;
    while (p) {
        map[p->i][p->j] = 1;
        p = p->next;
    }

三、移动

switch (c)
    {
        //向上
    case 'w':
        update_snake(c, s, star);
        break;
        //向下
    case 's':
        update_snake(c, s, star);
        break;
        //向左
    case 'a':
        update_snake(c, s, star);
        break;
        //向右
    case 'd':
        update_snake(c, s, star);
        break;
    }

四、整体代码

#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<windows.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
#define random(x) (rand()%x)
using namespace std;

int** map;
char c = 0;
int sign = 0;

char check_snake(char c);

struct snake {
    int i;
    int j;
    struct snake* next;
};

struct snake* generateSnake() {
    struct snake* s;
    s = (struct snake*)malloc(sizeof(struct snake));
    struct snake* p = s;
    int x[6] = { 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5 };
    int y[6] = { 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4 };
    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
        struct snake* node; //节点
        node = (struct snake*)malloc(sizeof(struct snake));
        p->next = node;
        p = p->next;
        p->i = x[i];
        p->j = y[i];
    }
    p->next = NULL;
    return s;
}  // 设置蛇的长度和初始位置

void gotoxy(int x, int y)
{
    COORD Position;
    Position.X = x;
    Position.Y = y;
    //调用API改变字体位置
    SetConsoleCursorPosition(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), Position);
}

// 绘制地图
void draw_map(int** map, int height, int weight) {

    for (int i = 0; i < height; ++i) {
        for (int j = 0; j < weight; ++j) {
            if (i == 0 || i == height - 1) {  // 表示在第一层和最后一层  
                map[i][j] = 1;  // 四边形的四边作为墙，强我们用1表示，表示位置已占
            }
            else if (j == 0 || j == weight - 1) { // 表示在最左层和最右层
                map[i][j] = 1;
            }
            else {
                map[i][j] = 0; // 除墙以外其他位置为0 表示该位置为空
            }
        }
        cout << "\n";
    }
    return;
}
// 图形形状
void draw(int** map, int* star, int height, int weight) {
    system("cls");//清空屏幕
    gotoxy(0, 0);
    for (int i = 0; i < height; ++i) {
        for (int j = 0; j < weight; ++j) {
            if (map[i][j] == 1) {
                cout << "■";
            }
            else if (map[i][j] == 2)
            {
                cout << "●";
            }
            else if (i == star[0] && j == star[1])
            {
                cout << "★";
            }
            else {
                cout << "□";
            }
        }
        cout << '\n';
    }
    return;
}

// 蛇
void drawSnake(int** map, struct snake* s) {
    struct snake* p = s->next;
    map[p->i][p->j] = 2;	// 蛇头
    p = p->next;
    while (p) {
        map[p->i][p->j] = 1;
        p = p->next;
    }
    return;
}


void draw_star(int** map, int* star, int height, int weight) {
    int sum = 0; // 空格子的个数
    int index = 0; // 剩下的格子

    // 算出空格子的个数
    for (int i = 0; i < height; ++i) {
        for (int j = 0; j < weight; ++j) {
            if (map[i][j] == 0)
            {
                sum += 1;
            }
        }
    }
    index = random(sum) + 1; // 在1到sum 中随机的位置生成星星
    //生成星星
    for (int i = 0; i < height; ++i) {
        for (int j = 0; j < weight; ++j) {
            if (map[i][j] == 0) {
                index -= 1;
            }
            if (index == 0) {
                star[0] = i;
                star[1] = j;
                return;
            }
        }
    }
    return;
}

void update_snake(char c, struct snake* s, int* star) {
    snake* newsnake;
    newsnake = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));
    if (c == 'w') {
        // 相当于在s 头插一个新节点
        newsnake->i = s->next->i - 1;
        newsnake->j = s->next->j;

        if (map[newsnake->i][newsnake->j] == 1) {
            // 头插的节点的位置 原本 map[i][j] == 1 表示该位置是墙或者是蛇身了
            sign = 3;
        }
        else if (newsnake->i == star[0] && newsnake->j == star[1]) {
            newsnake->next = s->next;
            s->next = newsnake;
            struct  snake* q = s;
            while (q->next->next != NULL) {
                gotoxy(q->i, q->j);
                printf("■");  // 恢复蛇身
                q = q->next;
            }
            sign = 2;
        }
        else {
            newsnake->next = s->next;
            s->next = newsnake;
            struct  snake* q = s;
            while (q->next->next != NULL) {
                gotoxy(q->i, q->j);
                printf("■");
                q = q->next;
            }
            gotoxy(q->i, q->j);
            printf("■");
            map[q->next->i][q->next->j] = 0;
            free(q->next);
            q->next = NULL;
        }
    }
    else if (c == 's') {
        newsnake->i = s->next->i + 1;
        newsnake->j = s->next->j;
        if (map[newsnake->i][newsnake->j] == 1) {
            sign = 3;
        }
        if (newsnake->i == star[0] && newsnake->j == star[1]) {
            newsnake->next = s->next;
            s->next = newsnake;
            struct  snake* q = s;
            while (q->next->next != NULL) {
                gotoxy(q->i, q->j);
                printf("■");
                q = q->next;
            }
            sign = 2;
        }
        else {
            newsnake->next = s->next;
            s->next = newsnake;
            struct  snake* q = s;
            while (q->next->next != NULL) {
                gotoxy(q->i, q->j);
                printf("■");
                q = q->next;
            }
            gotoxy(q->i, q->j);
            printf("■");
            map[q->next->i][q->next->j] = 0;
            free(q->next);
            q->next = NULL;
        }
    }
    else if (c == 'a') {
        newsnake->i = s->next->i;
        newsnake->j = s->next->j - 1;
        if (map[newsnake->i][newsnake->j] == 1) {
            sign = 3;
        }
        if (newsnake->i == star[0] && newsnake->j == star[1]) {
            newsnake->next = s->next;
            s->next = newsnake;
            struct  snake* q = s;
            while (q->next->next != NULL) {
                gotoxy(q->i, q->j);
                printf("■");
                q = q->next;
            }
            sign = 2;
        }
        else {
            newsnake->next = s->next;
            s->next = newsnake;
            struct  snake* q = s;
            while (q->next->next != NULL) {
                gotoxy(q->i, q->j);
                printf("■");
                q = q->next;
            }
            gotoxy(q->i, q->j);
            printf("■");
            map[q->next->i][q->next->j] = 0;
            free(q->next);
            q->next = NULL;
        }
    }
    else {
        newsnake->i = s->next->i;
        newsnake->j = s->next->j + 1;
        if (map[newsnake->i][newsnake->j] == 1) {
            sign = 3;
        }
        if (newsnake->i == star[0] && newsnake->j == star[1]) {
            newsnake->next = s->next;
            s->next = newsnake;
            struct  snake* q = s;
            while (q->next->next != NULL) {
                gotoxy(q->i, q->j);
                printf("■");
                q = q->next;
            }
            sign = 2;
        }
        else {
            newsnake->next = s->next;
            s->next = newsnake;
            struct  snake* q = s;
            while (q->next->next != NULL) {
                gotoxy(q->i, q->j);
                printf("■");
                q = q->next;
            }
            gotoxy(q->i, q->j);
            printf("■");
            map[q->next->i][q->next->j] = 0;
            free(q->next);
            q->next = NULL;
        }
    }
}

// 蛇 移动方向
// 上 119 wd
// 下 115 s
// 左 97  a
// 右 100 d
void action_snake(struct snake* s, int* star) {
    switch (c)
    {
        //向上
    case 'w':
        update_snake(c, s, star);
        break;
        //向下
    case 's':
        update_snake(c, s, star);
        break;
        //向左
    case 'a':
        update_snake(c, s, star);
        break;
        //向右
    case 'd':
        update_snake(c, s, star);
        break;
    }
}

void check_snake() {
    DWORD time = 500; // 1表示一毫秒 1000表示一秒  要改变速度可以修改time的时间
    DWORD time_start = GetTickCount();  // 获取当前时间
    char t;
    while (true) {
        if (_kbhit()) {
            char ch = _getch(); // 当前键位
            if (ch == 97 || ch == 100 || ch == 115 || ch == 119) {
                t = ch;
                if (t == 97 && c == 'd')
                {
                    c = 'd';
                }
                else if (t == 100 && c == 'a') {
                    c = 'a';
                }
                else if (t == 115 && c == 'w') {
                    c = 'w';
                }
                else if (t == 119 && c == 's') {
                    c = 's';
                }
                else {
                    c = ch;
                }
            }
        }
        DWORD time_end = GetTickCount(); // 获取键位后的时间
        if (time_end - time_start > time) {
            time_start = time_end;
            break;
        }
    }
    return;
}

int main() {
    int height = 20; // 地图高度  map.height = 20
    int weight = 20; // 地图宽度  map.weight = 20

    struct snake* s = generateSnake();
    map = (int**)malloc(sizeof(int*) * height);
    for (int i = 0; i < height; ++i) {
        map[i] = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * weight);
    }
    draw_map(map, height, weight);
    drawSnake(map, s);
    int star[2] = { 0,0 };
    draw_star(map, star, height, weight);
    draw(map, star, height, weight);
    while (1) {
        if (sign == 3) {
            break;
        }
        check_snake();
        action_snake(s, star);

        draw_map(map, height, weight);
        drawSnake(map, s);
        if (sign == 2) {
            draw_star(map, star, height, weight);
            sign = 0;
        }
        draw(map, star, height, weight);
        gotoxy(0, 0);
    }

    system("cls");
    gotoxy(height / 2, weight / 2);
    cout << "游戏结束 ";
    system("pause");

    return 0;
}

四、

 1、gotoxy函数: gotoxy函数可以任意移动位置，进行输入输出。

                           函数格式是gotoxy(x,y);

                           使用函数前要定义，还要加头文件#include<windows.h>

2、getch函数：函数原型是t  getch(void);[void表示函数没有参考值，t表示返回值类型为整形]

                         getch函数的作用是从键盘上读取一个字符，并将其返回给程序。

                           使用函数前要加头文件#include<conio>;

3、index   索引号，一般从0开始计数，返回的是字符数组下标中从0开始计数

4、全局变量: 在所有函数值外部定义的变量. 其可以被任何函数值访问，并且全局变量的值在程序                        的整个生命周期都是有效的。