javaweb学习

idea快捷键：

刚用idea还不是很习惯，顺便记录一下方便的快捷键把

ctrl+D  ：  复制一行

ctrl+alt+t  ：  包围起来，包括if、while、try catch等等

.var:自动补充对象的所属类  也可以用ctrl+alt+V

.sout: 自动补充输出函数system.out.println()

psvm: 主方法
 ctrl+o，获得该类和父类中的成员方法

alt+Insert： 快速添加getter和setter方法

多列编辑：按住alt然后选中需要编辑的列即可

获取当前文件路径：System.out.println(System.getProperty("user.dir"));

编码规范：

 创建mavenweb项目

项目结构介绍

WEB-INF下存放项目依赖的jar包、配置文件和字节码文件

使用骨架（模板）创建web项目

 archetype选最后的webapp

然后模板默认是没有java目录的，需要我们自己添加一个。

配置tomcat

servlet

简介：

Servlet 是 Java 编写的服务器端程序，运行在支持 Java 的 Web 服务器上，用于处理客户端的请求并生成动态的响应。Servlet 主要用于构建 Web 应用程序，可以接收来自用户请求的输入数据，处理数据，然后生成响应返回给客户端。

配置：

执行流程：

体系结构：

demo：

package com.example.servlet;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/demo")
public class servletDemo extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //处理get请求
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //处理post请求
    }

    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("hello");
    }

    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {

        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
        String method = request.getMethod();
        if(method.equals("GET")){
            //处理get请求
        }
        if(method.equals("POST")){
            //处理post请求
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }
}

 但是上面的小demo有一个问题就是当你创建新的servlet时又需要重新在service中写一遍例如init、service这种不同servlet都通用的方法，为了解决这个问题可以用一个类封装这些方法，servlet子类只需要继承这个父类，并重写doget和dopost方法来满足这个servlet自身的需求即可。

package com.example.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class httpServlet extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet {
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //处理get请求
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //处理post请求
    }

    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("hello");
    }

    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {

        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
        String method = request.getMethod();
        if(method.equals("GET")){
            //处理get请求
        }
        if(method.equals("POST")){
            //处理post请求
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }
}

urlPattern：

一个servlet可以匹配多个路由：

@WebServlet(urlPatterns = {"/demo","demo2"})

 

jsp

简介：

 原理：

我们来看一下转换后的serverlet文件，位置可以通过下面方式找到。

然后依次进入如下的目录，就能找到

C:\Users\asus\AppData\Local\JetBrains\IntelliJIdea2023.2\tomcat\4954f572-6cab-4852-99b9-0ec94f1e5d6b\work\Catalina\localhost\ROOT\org\apache\jsp

//hello_jsp.java
/*
 * Generated by the Jasper component of Apache Tomcat
 * Version: Apache Tomcat/9.0.85
 * Generated at: 2024-03-22 13:33:10 UTC
 * Note: The last modified time of this file was set to
 *       the last modified time of the source file after
 *       generation to assist with modification tracking.
 */
package org.apache.jsp;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.jsp.*;

public final class hello_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase
    implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent,
                 org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceImports {

  private static final javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory _jspxFactory =
          javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory.getDefaultFactory();

  private static java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> _jspx_dependants;

  private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_packages;

  private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_classes;

  static {
    _jspx_imports_packages = new java.util.HashSet<>();
    _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet");
    _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.http");
    _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.jsp");
    _jspx_imports_classes = null;
  }

  private volatile javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory;
  private volatile org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_instancemanager;

  public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> getDependants() {
    return _jspx_dependants;
  }

  public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getPackageImports() {
    return _jspx_imports_packages;
  }

  public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getClassImports() {
    return _jspx_imports_classes;
  }

  public javax.el.ExpressionFactory _jsp_getExpressionFactory() {
    if (_el_expressionfactory == null) {
      synchronized (this) {
        if (_el_expressionfactory == null) {
          _el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory();
        }
      }
    }
    return _el_expressionfactory;
  }

  public org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_getInstanceManager() {
    if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) {
      synchronized (this) {
        if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) {
          _jsp_instancemanager = org.apache.jasper.runtime.InstanceManagerFactory.getInstanceManager(getServletConfig());
        }
      }
    }
    return _jsp_instancemanager;
  }

  public void _jspInit() {
  }

  public void _jspDestroy() {
  }

  public void _jspService(final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response)
      throws java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException {

    if (!javax.servlet.DispatcherType.ERROR.equals(request.getDispatcherType())) {
      final java.lang.String _jspx_method = request.getMethod();
      if ("OPTIONS".equals(_jspx_method)) {
        response.setHeader("Allow","GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS");
        return;
      }
      if (!"GET".equals(_jspx_method) && !"POST".equals(_jspx_method) && !"HEAD".equals(_jspx_method)) {
        response.setHeader("Allow","GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS");
        response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, "JSP 只允许 GET、POST 或 HEAD。Jasper 还允许 OPTIONS");
        return;
      }
    }

    final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext;
    javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null;
    final javax.servlet.ServletContext application;
    final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config;
    javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null;
    final java.lang.Object page = this;
    javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out = null;
    javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;


    try {
      response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
      pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
      			null, true, 8192, true);
      _jspx_page_context = pageContext;
      application = pageContext.getServletContext();
      config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
      session = pageContext.getSession();
      out = pageContext.getOut();
      _jspx_out = out;

      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("<html>\r\n");
      out.write("<head>\r\n");
      out.write("    <title>Title</title>\r\n");
      out.write("</head>\r\n");
      out.write("<body>\r\n");
      out.write("<h2>Hello World!</h2>\r\n");
      out.write("</body>\r\n");
      out.write("</html>\r\n");
    } catch (java.lang.Throwable t) {
      if (!(t instanceof javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException)){
        out = _jspx_out;
        if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0)
          try {
            if (response.isCommitted()) {
              out.flush();
            } else {
              out.clearBuffer();
            }
          } catch (java.io.IOException e) {}
        if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);
        else throw new ServletException(t);
      }
    } finally {
      _jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);
    }
  }
}

 可以看到其实就是把serverlet接受参数然后填充到html代码并输出，所以本质上jsp就是serverlet。

代码样式：

<%= %>就是输出内容，这个内容可以是在<% %>中定义的变量

<% int i = 3%>
<%=i%>

在代码中的实现

此外，<%%>中的代码是可以中断的，方便我们在代码间插入html语言等等

快速入门：

 缺点：

el表达式：

针对jsp的缺点，可以只在serverlet中获取数据并转发数据，在jsp中直接使用el表达式拿到数据即可，不需要多写java代码。

demo：

package com.example.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/demo")
public class servletDemo extends httpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //处理get请求
        User user = new User();
        user.setName("zhangsan");
        //添加到request域
        req.setAttribute("brands","aaaa");
        req.setAttribute("User",user);
        //将请求转发到el.jsp页面
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/el.jsp").forward(req,resp);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //处理post请求
        System.out.println("post");
    }

}

//el.jsp

<%@ page import="com.example.servlet.User" %><%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: asus
  Date: 2024/3/24
  Time: 21:58
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%-- web版本过低，el表达式会直接输出${} ,加上下面这行即可 --%>
<%@ page isELIgnored="false" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    ${User.name}
    ${brands}
</body>
</html>