关联查询
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实体间的关系（拥有 has、属于 belong）
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OneToOne：一对一关系（account ←→ user）
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OneToMany：一对多关系（user ←→ account）
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ManyToMany：多对多关系（user ←→ role）
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什么是关联查询
当访问关系的一方时，如果需要查看与之关联的另一方数据，则必须使用表链接查询，将查询到的另一方数据，保存在本方的属性中
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关联查询的语法
指定“一方”关系时（对象），使用
< association javaType="" >指定“多方”关系时（集合），使用
< collection ofType="" >
一，一对一查询
需求：查询账户信息，关联查询用户信息。
分析：因为一个账户信息只能供某个用户使用，所以从查询账户信息出发关联查询用户信息为一对一查询。
com.by.pojo下的Account类
public class Account implements Serializable {
private Integer id;
private Integer uid;
private Double money;
//加入User类的对象作为Account类的一个属性
private User user;
public User getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public Integer getUid() {
return uid;
}
public void setUid(Integer uid) {
this.uid = uid;
}
public Double getMoney() {
return money;
}
public void setMoney(Double money) {
this.money = money;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Account{" +
"id=" + id +
", uid=" + uid +
", money=" + money +
", user=" + user +
'}';
}
}com.by.dao下的AcountDao接口
public interface AccountDao {
List<Account> findAll();
}com.by.dao下的AcountDao.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.by.dao.AccountDao">
<!-- 结果映射 -->
<!--resultMap中的id必须与select中的resultMap中的值相同-->
<resultMap type="account" id="findAllResultMap">
<id column="aid" property="id"/>
<result column="uid" property="uid"/>
<result column="money" property="money"/>
<!-- 指定关系表中数据的封装规则 -->
<!--
association 处理一对一
封装一对一信息关系的标签
property 类的属性名
javaType 用哪个类的对象给属性赋值
-->
<association property="user" javaType="user">
<id column="id" property="id"/>
<result column="username" property="username"/>
<result column="sex" property="sex"/>
<result column="birthday" property="birthday"/>
<result column="address" property="address"/>
</association>
</resultMap>
<select id="findAll" resultMap="findAllResultMap">
select u.*,a.id as aid,a.uid,a.money from account a,user u where a.uid =u.id
</select>
</mapper>测试类
private SqlSession sqlSession;
private InputStream inputStream;
@Before
public void init() throws IOException {
//加载配置文件
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
//创建SessionFactory
SqlSessionFactory sessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
//使用数据的会话实例
sqlSession = sessionFactory.openSession();
}
@After
public void close() throws IOException {
sqlSession.close();
inputStream.close();
}
@Test
public void testOneToOne() {
AccountDao accountDao = sqlSession.getMapper(AccountDao.class);
List<Account> accountList = accountDao.findAll();
for (Account ac : accountList) {
System.out.println(ac);
}
}输出结果
二，一对多查询
需求：查询所有用户信息及用户关联的账户信息。
分析：用户信息和他的账户信息为一对多关系，并且查询过程中如果用户没有账户信息，此时也要将用户信息查询出来，此时左外连接查询比较合适。
com.by.pojo下的Account类
package com.by.pojo;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
public class User implements Serializable {
private Integer id;
private String username;
private String password;
private Date birthday;
private String sex;
private String address;
//加入List<Account>存储用户所拥有的账户
private List<Account> accounts;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public List<Account> getAccounts() {
return accounts;
}
public void setAccounts(List<Account> accounts) {
this.accounts = accounts;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
", birthday=" + birthday +
", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
", address='" + address + '\'' +
", accounts=" + accounts +
'}';
}
}com.by.dao下的AcountDao接口
public interface AccountDao {
List<Account> findAll();
}com.by.dao下的UserDao.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.by.dao.UserDao">
<!--resultMap中的id必须与select中的resultMap中的值相同-->
<resultMap type="user" id="findAllResultMap">
<id column="id" property="id"></id>
<result column="username" property="username"/>
<result column="address" property="address"/>
<result column="sex" property="sex"/>
<result column="birthday" property="birthday"/>
<!-- collection 是用于建立一对多中集合属性的对应关系
ofType 用于指定集合元素的数据类型
-->
<collection property="accounts" ofType="account">
<id column="aid" property="id"/>
<result column="uid" property="uid"/>
<result column="money" property="money"/>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<!-- 配置查询所有操作 -->
<select id="findAll" resultMap="findAllResultMap">
select u.*,a.id as aid ,a.uid,a.money
from user u left join account a on u.id =a.uid
</select>
</mapper>测试类
private SqlSession sqlSession;
private InputStream inputStream;
@Before
public void init() throws IOException {
//加载配置文件
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
//创建SessionFactory
SqlSessionFactory sessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
//使用数据的会话实例
sqlSession = sessionFactory.openSession();
}
@After
public void close() throws IOException {
sqlSession.close();
inputStream.close();
}
@Test
public void testOneToMany() {
UserDao userDao = sqlSession.getMapper(UserDao.class);
List<User> userList = userDao.findAll();
for(User user : userList){
System.out.println(user);
}
}输出结果
三，多对多查询
需求：查询角色及角色赋予的用户信息。
分析：一个用户可以拥有多个角色，一个角色也可以赋予多个用户，用户和角色为双向的一对多关系，多对多关系其实我们看成是双向的一对多关系。
com.by.pojo下的Role类
public class Role {
private Integer id;
private String roleName;
private String roleDesc;
//加入List<User> users存储角色赋予的用户信息
private List<User> users;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getRoleName() {
return roleName;
}
public void setRoleName(String roleName) {
this.roleName = roleName;
}
public String getRoleDesc() {
return roleDesc;
}
public void setRoleDesc(String roleDesc) {
this.roleDesc = roleDesc;
}
public List<User> getUsers() {
return users;
}
public void setUsers(List<User> users) {
this.users = users;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Role{" +
"id=" + id +
", roleName='" + roleName + '\'' +
", roleDesc='" + roleDesc + '\'' +
", users=" + users +
'}';
}
}com.by.dao下的RoleDao接口
public interface RoleDao {
List<Role> findAll();
}com.by.dao下的RoleDao.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.by.dao.RoleDao">
<!--定义 role 表的 ResultMap-->
<resultMap id="findAllResultMap" type="Role">
<id property="id" column="rid"></id>
<result property="roleName" column="role_name"></result>
<result property="roleDesc" column="role_desc"></result>
<collection property="users" ofType="user">
<id column="id" property="id"></id>
<result column="username" property="username"></result>
<result column="address" property="address"></result>
<result column="sex" property="sex"></result>
<result column="birthday" property="birthday"></result>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<!--查询所有-->
<select id="findAll" resultMap="findAllResultMap">
select r.id as rid,r.role_name,r.role_desc,u.* from role r
left join user_role ur on r.id = ur.rid
left join user u on u.id = ur.uid
</select>
</mapper>测试类
private SqlSession sqlSession;
private InputStream inputStream;
@Before
public void init() throws IOException {
//加载配置文件
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
//创建SessionFactory
SqlSessionFactory sessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
//使用数据的会话实例
sqlSession = sessionFactory.openSession();
}
@After
public void close() throws IOException {
sqlSession.close();
inputStream.close();
}
@Test
public void testManyToMany() {
RoleDao roleDao = sqlSession.getMapper(RoleDao.class);
List<Role> roleList = roleDao.findAll();
for(Role role : roleList){
System.out.println(role);
}
}测试结果
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