shell编程--数组

数组示例
 

#变量
name=meinanzi

echo ${name}
meinanzi
echo ${name:3:3}
nan
echo ${name:6:2}
zi
echo ${name:0:3}
mei

#数字分别是索引的起始位置和步长

echo ${name:3}
nanzi
#没有步长就全部显示出来



#数组

hero=(1111  2222 3333 4444)
hero=([0]=1111 [1]=2222 [2]=3333 [3]=4444)

#关联数组
declare -A position
position=([up]=1111 [down]=2222 [left]=3333)

数组定义

array2=(tom jack rose)

array3=(`cat /etc/passwd`)

array4=(`ls /var/ftp/Shell/for*`)

array5=(tom alice "bash shell")

red=111
blue=222

colors=($red $blue $green $recolor)

array6=(1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "linux shell" [20]=saltstack)



#逐一定义

array7[0]=pear
array7[1]=apple
array7[2]=orange
array7[3]=peach


#多用于循环中使用

数组查看

#描述所有数组
declare -a

declare -a | grep array7

#使用echo



echo ${array} #查看第一个元素
echo ${array[0]}
echo ${array[@]} #分散字符集
echo ${array[*]} #逐一字符集
echo ${#array[@]} #统计数组元素的个数
echo ${!array[@]} #获取数组元素的索引
echo ${array[@]:1} #从数组下标1开始
echo ${array[@]:1:2} #从数组下标1开始，显示2个元素

关联数组

使用前先声明，索引值可以自定义

declare -A ass1
ass1[index1]=pear
ass1[index2]=apple
ass1[index3]=name
ass1[index4]=peach
ass1[index5]=orange

###################

ass1=([index1]=pear [index2]=apple [index3]=name [index4]=peach [index5]=orange)

##################

echo ${ass1[*]}

echo ${!ass1[*]}

案例

案例1

while脚本快速定义数组

#/bin/bash

while read line
do
    hosts[i++]=$line
done < /etc/hosts

for i in ${!host[@]}
do
    echo "$i : ${hosts[$i]}"
done

案例2

for脚本快速定义数组

#!/bin/bash
for line in `cat /etc/hosts`
do
    hosts[++i]=$line
done
for in in ${!hosts[@]}
do
    echo "$i : ${hosts[$i]}"
done

for循环是空格分隔，while read line 是行分割

#!/bin/bash
OLD_IFS=$IFS #保存旧的分隔符
IFS=$'\n' #定义for的字段分割符
for line in `cat /etc/hosts`
do
    hosts[++i]=$line
done
for in in ${!hosts[@]}
do
    echo "$i : ${hosts[$i]}"
done

IFS=$OLD_IFS #还原分割符

案例3

数组统计性别

vim sex.txt
jack m
alice f
tom m


#!/bin/bash
declare -A sex
while read line
do
    type=`echo $line | awk '{print $2}'`
#awk是流编辑器，详细了解看我专栏后面的文章
    let sex[$type]++
    

done < /sex.txt

for i in ${!sex[@Z}
do
    echo "$i : ${sex[$i]}"
done

案例4

数组统计，用户shell的类型和数量

#!/bin/bash
declare -A shells
while read ll
do
    type=`echo $ll | awk -F: '{print $NF}'`
#-f用：作为分隔符，NF是最后一列
    let shells[$type]++



done < /etc/passwd


for i in ${!shells[@]}
do
    echo "$i : ${shells[$i]}"
done