mysql多实例部署
多实例部署
MySQL多实例部署主要是为了在同一台服务器上运行多个MySQL服务实例,以便提供更高的系统资源利用率和灵活性。其主要作用如下:
资源利用率提高:多实例可以共享同一台服务器的硬件资源,如CPU、内存和磁盘。
系统灵活性:多实例可以在同一台服务器上运行不同的应用或服务,提高系统的灵活性和可用性。
隔离性:每个实例都可以配置不同的数据、配置文件和服务参数,有助于隔离不同应用或服务对资源的需求。
管理简化:通过脚本和管理工具,可以方便地管理多个MySQL实例
多实例部署实验
1、下载依赖包
[root@node1 ~]# yum -y install libncurses* libaio tar perl
2、解压压缩包
[root@node1 ~]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@node1 ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@node1 local]# ls
bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 sbin share src
3、创建软连接
[root@node1 local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
'mysql' -> 'mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/'
[root@node1 local]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 16 2022 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 16 2022 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 16 2022 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 16 2022 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 16 2022 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 17 Jul 11 13:57 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 16 2022 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 36 Aug 8 18:46 mysql -> mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 129 Aug 8 18:44 mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 16 2022 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 Jul 11 13:57 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 16 2022 src
4、创建用户并给MySQL目录给予所有者和所属组的权限
[root@node1 local]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@node1 local]# id mysql
uid=997(mysql) gid=994(mysql) groups=994(mysql)
[root@node1 local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@node1 local]# mkdir /opt/data -p
[root@node1 local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
[root@node1 local]# ls -l /usr/local/mysql
lrwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql 36 Aug 8 18:46 /usr/local/mysql -> mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
5、创建环境变量
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
[root@node1 ~]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@node1 ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/root/.local/bin:/root/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
6、创建目录并给目录给予所有者和所属组的权限(mysql用户)
[root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /opt/data/{3306,3307,3308}
[root@node1 ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
[root@node1 ~]# ls -l /opt/data/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Aug 8 18:58 3306
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Aug 8 18:58 3307
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Aug 8 18:58 3308
7、初始化数据库
[root@node1 ~]# mysqld --initialize --datadir=/opt/data/3306 --user=mysql
2024-08-08T11:25:21.832194Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2024-08-08T11:25:22.356948Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2024-08-08T11:25:22.380772Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2024-08-08T11:25:22.433895Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: e68ef1d2-5578-11ef-8034-000c290143a8.
2024-08-08T11:25:22.434905Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2024-08-08T11:25:22.651551Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2024-08-08T11:25:22.651794Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2024-08-08T11:25:22.652177Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2024-08-08T11:25:22.776392Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ?p9IoF,Dcu/M -----> 密码
[root@node1 ~]# mysqld --initialize --datadir=/opt/data/3307 --user=mysql
2024-08-08T11:26:30.796225Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2024-08-08T11:26:30.942995Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2024-08-08T11:26:30.964128Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2024-08-08T11:26:31.017881Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 0f7007a0-5579-11ef-8813-000c290143a8.
2024-08-08T11:26:31.018972Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2024-08-08T11:26:31.447490Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2024-08-08T11:26:31.447702Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2024-08-08T11:26:31.448013Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2024-08-08T11:26:31.561267Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: NPhetW()g6Sh
[root@node1 ~]# mysqld --initialize --datadir=/opt/data/3308 --user=mysql
2024-08-08T11:27:07.023920Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2024-08-08T11:27:07.165021Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2024-08-08T11:27:07.184649Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2024-08-08T11:27:07.237925Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 2506c537-5579-11ef-8fbb-000c290143a8.
2024-08-08T11:27:07.238448Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2024-08-08T11:27:07.466232Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2024-08-08T11:27:07.466723Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2024-08-08T11:27:07.467377Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2024-08-08T11:27:07.512952Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: x?.y*sd:s4oP
8、修改配置文件
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
[mysqld3306]
datadir = /opt/data/3306
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql3306.sock
pid-file = /opt/data/3306/mysql_3306.pid
log-error=/var/log/3306.log
[mysqld3307]
datadir = /opt/data/3307
port = 3307
socket = /tmp/mysql3307.sock
pid-file = /opt/data/3307/mysql_3307.pid
log-error=/var/log/3307.log
[mysqld3308]
datadir = /opt/data/3308
port = 3308
socket = /tmp/mysql3308.sock
pid-file = /opt/data/3308/mysql_3308.pid
log-error=/var/log/3308.log
9、启动MySQL
[root@node1 ~]# mysqld_multi start 3306
[root@node1 ~]# mysqld_multi start 3307
[root@node1 ~]# mysqld_multi start 3308
[root@node1 ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3308 *:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3307 *:*
10、初始化密码
[root@node1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'?p9IoF,Dcu/M' -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.37
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
mysql> set password = password('redhat');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@node1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'NPhetW()g6Sh' -S /tmp/mysql3307.sock
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.37
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
mysql> set password = password('redhat');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql>
[root@node1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'x?.y*sd:s4oP' -S /tmp/mysql3308.sock
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.37
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set password = password('redhat');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)