静态路由综合实验

一、实验拓扑

二、实验需求

1、R6为ISP，接口IP地址均为公有地址，该设备只能配置IP地址，之后不能再对其进行任何配置；

2、R1-R5为局域网，私有IP地址192.168.1.0/24，请合理分配；

3、R1、R2、R4，各有两个环回IP地址；R5,R6各有一个环回地址；所有路由器上环回均代表连接用户的接口；

4、R3下面的两台PC通过DHCP自动获取IP地址；

5、选路最佳，路由表尽量小，避免环路；

6、R1-R5均可以访问R6的环回；

7、R6 telnet R5的公有地址时，实际登录到R1上；

8、R4与R5正常通过1000M链路，故障时通过100m链路；

三、实验思路

1、划分IP，给设备配置IP地址

        为避免浪费资源可将192.168.1.0/24划分为6个网段

（1）192.168.1.0000 0000 ----  192.168.1.0/27    骨干链路

        骨干链路有6条，将192.168.1.0/27网段划分为6个小网段

        192.168.1.0000 0000 ---- 192.168.1.0/30

        192.168.1.0000 0100 ----  192.168.1.4/30

        192.168.1.0000 1000 ----  192.168.1.8/30

        192.168.1.0000 1100 ----  192.168.1.12/30

        192.168.1.0001 0000 ----  192.168.1.16/30

        192.168.1.0001 0100 ----  192.168.1.20/30

（2）192.168.1.0010 0000 ---- 192.168.1.32/27 --- R1回路

        为方便汇总，可将192.168.1.32/27划分出2个小网段，分别配给两个环回口

        192.168.1.0010 0000 ---- 192.168.1.32/28

        192.168.1.0011 0000 ---- 192.168.1.48/28

（3）192.168.1.0100 0000---- 192.168.1.64/27 --- R2回路

        为方便汇总，可将192.168.1.64/27划分出2个小网段，分别配给两个环回口

        192.168.1.0100 0000 ---- 192.168.1.64/28

        192.168.1.0101 0000 ---- 192.168.1.80/28

（4）192.168.1.0110 0000---- 192.168.1.96/27 --- R3

（5）192.168.1.1000 0000---- 192.168.1.128/27 --- R4回路

        为方便汇总，可将192.168.1.128/27划分出2个小网段，分别配给两个环回口

        192.168.1.1000 0000 ---- 192.168.1.128/28

        192.168.1.1001 0000 ---- 192.168.1.144/28

（6）192.168.1.1010 0000---- 192.168.1.160/27 ---- R5回路

2、给R3配置DHCP，让R3下的两台PC通过DHCP自动获取IP地址

3、配置静态路由，实现除1.0.0.0/24外，设备互通，即私网通

4、做汇总、防环配置

5、配置缺省路由，实现其他设备到1.0.0.0/24互通；在R5上配置nat，实现全网通

6、在R1上配置telnet，通过nat server发布到R5的公网接口

7、改变路由条目优先级，实现备份

8、测试，观察1000Mb/s链路故障时，数据是否走100Mb/s链路

四、实验操作

1、配置IP地址

R1:

[R1]int g0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 30

[R1]int g0/0/1

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.5 30

[R1]int l0

[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.33 28

[R1]int l1

[R1-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.49 28

 R2:

[R2]int g0/0/0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.2 30

[R2]int g0/0/1

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.9 30

[R2]int l0

[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.65 28

[R2]int l1

[R2-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.81 28

 R3:

[R3]int g0/0/0

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.6 30

[R3]int g0/0/1

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.13 30

[R3]int g0/0/2

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.97 27

 R4:

[R4]int g0/0/0

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.10 30

[R4]int g0/0/1

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.14 30

[R4]int g0/0/2

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.17 30

[R4]int g4/0/0

[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.21 30

[R4]int l0

[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.129 28

[R4]int l1

[R4-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.145 28

 R5:

[R5]int g0/0/0

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.18 30

[R5]int g0/0/1

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 12.0.0.5 24

[R5]int g0/0/2

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.22 30

[R5]int l0

[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.161 27

 R6:

[R6]int g0/0/0

[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.0.0.6 24

[R6]int l0

[R6-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.6 24

2、配置DHCP，使R3下面的两台PC通过DHCP自动获取IP地址

[R3]dhcp enable 
[R3]ip pool aa
[R3-ip-pool-aa]network 192.168.1.96 mask 27
[R3-ip-pool-aa]gateway-list 192.168.1.97
[R3-ip-pool-aa]dns-list 114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8
[R3]int g0/0/2
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp select global 

3、配置静态路由 实现私网全通

R1：

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6

R2：

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1

R3：

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.14

R4：

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.18

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.22

R5：

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.1

测试：192.168.1.1 ping 192.168.1.161   

4、配置缺省路由 实现外网通

[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 12.0.0.6

测试：R5 ping R6 

5、做防环配置

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0

6、nat配置

[R5]acl 2000 
[R5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R5]int g0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat outbound 2000

7、配置缺省  实现全网通

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6

[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22

测试R1 ping R6  

8、配置远程登录使R6 telnet R5的公有地址时，实际登录到R1上

[R1]aaa
[R1-aaa]local-user gujiangshan password cipher gjs12345 privilege level 15
[R1-aaa]local-user gujiangshan service-type telnet 
[R1]user-interface vty 0 4
[R1-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode aaa

[R5]int g0/0/1

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat server protocol tcp global current-interface 23 ins
ide 192.168.1.1 23

9、修改优先级使R4与R5正常通过1000M链路，故障时通过100m链路

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 pre 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 pre 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21 pre 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21 pre 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21 pre 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21 pre 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21 pre 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21 pre 61

若还有等价路径可关闭接口查看

[R4]int g0/0/2
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]shutdown