opencv 三 Mat的基本操作2（图像读取保存、颜色空间、裁剪、缩放、旋转）

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已于 2023-01-08 16:58:54 修改

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分类专栏： opencv实战文章标签： opencv 计算机视觉图像处理

于 2023-01-07 09:38:12 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_74259636/article/details/128587608

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Opencv中对彩色图的操作同样可以应用于灰度图和二值图，彩色图与灰度图直接的区别在于颜色类型空间类型的不同，这里以彩为操作示例。RGB、BGR、LAB、HSV是常见的3通道（CV_8UC3、CV_32FC3）彩色图类型，灰度图通常是一个通道的图像，二值图的数据类型与灰度图是一样的（CV_8UC1）。

一、读取|保存图像

imread函数用于读取图像，imread( const String& filename, int flags = IMREAD_COLOR )，flags的默认值为IMREAD_COLOR，也就是说默认读取为三通道BGR图像。完整的图像加载模式如下所示，0表示读取为灰度图。

IMREAD_UNCHANGED            = -1, //!< If set, return the loaded image as is (with alpha channel, otherwise it gets cropped). Ignore EXIF orientation.
       IMREAD_GRAYSCALE            = 0,  //!< If set, always convert image to the single channel grayscale image (codec internal conversion).
       IMREAD_COLOR                = 1,  //!< If set, always convert image to the 3 channel BGR color image.
       IMREAD_ANYDEPTH             = 2,  //!< If set, return 16-bit/32-bit image when the input has the corresponding depth, otherwise convert it to 8-bit.
       IMREAD_ANYCOLOR             = 4,  //!< If set, the image is read in any possible color format.
       IMREAD_LOAD_GDAL            = 8,  //!< If set, use the gdal driver for loading the image.
       IMREAD_REDUCED_GRAYSCALE_2  = 16, //!< If set, always convert image to the single channel grayscale image and the image size reduced 1/2.
       IMREAD_REDUCED_COLOR_2      = 17, //!< If set, always convert image to the 3 channel BGR color image and the image size reduced 1/2.
       IMREAD_REDUCED_GRAYSCALE_4  = 32, //!< If set, always convert image to the single channel grayscale image and the image size reduced 1/4.
       IMREAD_REDUCED_COLOR_4      = 33, //!< If set, always convert image to the 3 channel BGR color image and the image size reduced 1/4.
       IMREAD_REDUCED_GRAYSCALE_8  = 64, //!< If set, always convert image to the single channel grayscale image and the image size re