SpringCloud网关（gateway）配置

1.引入依赖

这里配合nacos注册中心使用

        <!--网关-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--nacos discovery-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--负载均衡-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId>
        </dependency>

2.配置启动类

使用时需要将网关进行启动

@SpringBootApplication
public class GatewayApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(GatewayApplication.class, args);
    }
}

3.路由配置

1.静态路由配置：

spring配置文件中配置：

server:
  port: 8080
spring:
  application:
    name: gateway
  cloud:
    nacos:
      server-addr: 192.168.150.101:8848 #nacos注册中心ip地址、端口号
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: item # 路由规则id，自定义，唯一
          uri: lb://item-service # 路由的目标服务，lb代表负载均衡，会从注册中心拉取服务列表
          predicates: # 路由断言，判断当前请求是否符合当前规则，符合则路由到目标服务
            - Path=/items/**,/search/** # 这里是以请求路径作为判断规则
        - id: cart
          uri: lb://cart-service
          predicates:
            - Path=/carts/**
        - id: user
          uri: lb://user-service
          predicates:
            - Path=/users/**,/addresses/**
        - id: trade
          uri: lb://trade-service
          predicates:
            - Path=/orders/**
        - id: pay
          uri: lb://pay-service
          predicates:
            - Path=/pay-orders/**

网关路由有四个常用配置：

• id：路由的唯一标示

• predicates：路由断言，其实就是匹配条件

• filters：路由过滤条件

• uri：路由目标地址，lb://代表负载均衡，从注册中心获取目标微服务的实例列表，并且负载均衡选择一个访问

2.动态路由配置

1.引入依赖

<!--统一配置管理-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--加载bootstrap-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bootstrap</artifactId>
</dependency>

2.添加bootstrap.yml文件并配置

spring:
  application:
    name: gateway
  profiles:
    active: dev
  cloud:
    nacos:
        server-addr: 192.168.3.129:8848 #nacosIP地址及端口号
        config:
          file-extension: yaml
          shared-configs:
            - data-id: log.yml #日志配置，在nacos中添加的配置

3.使用相关api进行路由的监听及保存

@Slf4j
@RequiredArgsConstructor
@Component
public class DynamicRouteLoader {
    private final NacosConfigManager nacosConfigManager;
    private final String dataId="gateway.json"; //需要与nacos配置项名相同
    private final String group="DEFAULT_GROUP"; //与上类似
    private Set<String> routeIds=new HashSet<>();

    private final RouteDefinitionWriter routeDefinitionWriter;
    @PostConstruct
    public void initRouteConfigListener() throws NacosException {
        String configInfo=nacosConfigManager.
                getConfigService()
                .getConfigAndSignListener(dataId, group, 5000, new Listener() {
                    @Override
                    public Executor getExecutor() {
                        return null;
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void receiveConfigInfo(String configInfo) {
                        //更新路由配置
                        updateRouteConfig(configInfo);
                    }
                });
        //第一次启动加载路由配置
        updateRouteConfig(configInfo);
    }
    private void updateRouteConfig(String configInfo){
        log.info("update route config:{}",configInfo);
        //解析路由配置
        List<RouteDefinition> routeDefinitions = JSONUtil.toList(configInfo, RouteDefinition.class);
        //删除旧的路由
        for (String routeId : routeIds) {
            routeDefinitionWriter.delete(Mono.just(routeId)).subscribe();
        }
        //清空保存的路由id
        routeIds.clear();
        routeDefinitions.forEach(routeDefinition -> {
            // 保存路由id
            routeIds.add(routeDefinition.getId());
            //更新路由
            routeDefinitionWriter.save(Mono.just(routeDefinition)).subscribe();
        });
    }
}

4.进入nacos添加配置

由于代码中使用json工具类解析nacos配置，故需要使用json格式填写配置内容

[
    {
        "id": "item",
        "predicates": [{
            "name": "Path",
            "args": {"_genkey_0":"/items/**", "_genkey_1":"/search/**"}
        }],
        "filters": [],
        "uri": "lb://item-service"
    },
    {
        "id": "cart",
        "predicates": [{
            "name": "Path",
            "args": {"_genkey_0":"/carts/**"}
        }],
        "filters": [],
        "uri": "lb://cart-service"
    },
    {
        "id": "user",
        "predicates": [{
            "name": "Path",
            "args": {"_genkey_0":"/users/**", "_genkey_1":"/addresses/**"}
        }],
        "filters": [],
        "uri": "lb://user-service"
    },
    {
        "id": "trade",
        "predicates": [{
            "name": "Path",
            "args": {"_genkey_0":"/orders/**"}
        }],
        "filters": [],
        "uri": "lb://trade-service"
    },
    {
        "id": "pay",
        "predicates": [{
            "name": "Path",
            "args": {"_genkey_0":"/pay-orders/**"}
        }],
        "filters": [],
        "uri": "lb://pay-service"
    }
]