MySQL集群技术

Linux下部署mysql

安装依赖性
[root@mysql-node10 ~]# dnf install cmake gcc-c++ openssl-devel \
ncurses-devel.x86_64 libtirpc-devel-1.3.3-8.el7_4.x86_64.rpm rpcgen.x86_64
下载并解压源码包
[root@mysql-node10 ~]# tar zxf mysql-boost-5.7.44.tar.gz
[root@mysql-node10 ~]# cd /root/mysql-5.7.44
源码编译安装mysql
[root@mysql-node10 mysql-5.7.44]# cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ #指定安装路径
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql \ #指定数据目录
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/mysql/mysql.sock \ #指定套接字文件
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ #指定启用INNODB存储引擎,默认
用myisam
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ #扩展字符集
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 \ #指定默认字符集
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_unicode_ci \ #指定默认校验字符集
-DWITH_BOOST=/root/mysql-5.7.44/boost/boost_1_59_0/ #指定c++库依赖
[root@mysql-node10 mysql-5.7.44]# make -j2 #-j2 表示有几个
核心就跑几个进程
[root@mysql-node10 mysql-5.7.44# make install
部署mysql
#生成启动脚本
[root@node10 ~]# dnf install initscripts-10.11.6-1.el9.x86_64 -y
[root@node10 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files/
[root@node10 support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

#修改环境变量
[root@node10 ~]# vim ~/.bash_profile
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
[root@node10 ~]# source ~/.bash_profile

#生成数据目录
[root@mysql-node1 ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
[root@mysql-node1 ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql
[root@mysql-node1 ~]# chown mysql.mysql /data/mysql/

#修改配置文件
[root@node10 my.cnf.d]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql #指定数据目录
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock #指定套接字
symbolic-links=0 #数据只能存放到数据目录中,禁止链接到数据目录

#数据库初始化建立mysql基本数据
[root@node10 ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
[root@node10 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
[root@node10 ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
数据库安全初始化
[root@node10 ~]# mysql_secure_installation
Securing the MySQL server deployment.
Enter password for user root: #输入当前密码
The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new
password.
New password: #输入新密码
Re-enter new password: #重复密码
VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN can be used to test passwords
and improve security. It checks the strength of password
and allows the users to set only those passwords which are
secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD plugin?
Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: no #是否启用密码插件
Using existing password for root.
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : no
#是否要重置密码
... skipping.
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.
Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.
Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No)
: y
- Dropping test database...
Success.
- Removing privileges on test database...
Success.
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.
测试:
二 mysql的组从复制
2.1 配置mastesr
Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.
[root@node10 ~]# mysql -uroot -plee
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.7.44 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql的组从复制

配置mastesr

mysql> CREATE USER 'zqc'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'redhat'; ##生成专门用来做复制的用
户,此用户是用于slave端做认证用
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO zqc@'%'; ##对这个用户进行授权
mysql> SHOW MASTER STATUS; ##查看master的状态
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+----------------
---+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+----------------
---+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 350 | | |
|
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+----------------
---+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
配置salve

mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='192.168.234.10',MASTER_USER='zqc',MASTER_PASSWORD='redhat',MASTER_LOG_F
ILE='mysql-bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=350;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.234.10
Master_User: zqc
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 350
Relay_Log_File: mysql-node2-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 350
Relay_Log_Space: 533
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: 888d2164-4b05-11ef-a049-000c299355ea
Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more
updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec
测试:

slave 中查看数据是否有同步过来

当有数据时添加slave2

基础配置

#从master节点备份数据
[root@mysql-node1 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -plee lee > lee.sql
#利用master节点中备份出来的lee.sql在slave2中拉平数据
[root@mysql-node3 ~]# mysql -uroot -plee -e "create database lee;"
[root@mysql-node3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p lee <lee.sql
[root@mysql-node3 ~]# mysql -uroot -plee -e "select * from lee.userlist;"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+----------+----------+
| username | password |
+----------+----------+
| user1 | 123 |
| user2 | 123 |
+----------+----------+

#配置slave2的slave功能
#在master中查询日志pos
mysql -uroot -plee -e "SHOW MASTER STATUS;"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+----------------
---+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+----------------
---+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 1251 | | |
|
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+----------------
---+
[root@mysql-node3 ~]# mysql -uroot -plee
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.234.10', MASTER_USER='zty',
MASTER_PASSWORD='redhat', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=1251;
mysql> start slave;
mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Connecting to master
Master_Host: 172.25.254.30
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1251
Relay_Log_File: mysql-node3-relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1251
Relay_Log_Space: 154
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 1130
Last_IO_Error: error connecting to master
'repl@172.25.254.30:3306' - retry-time: 60 retries: 1
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 0
Master_UUID:
Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more
updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 240727 19:14:25
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
测试:
2.4 延迟复制
延迟复制时用来控制sql线程的,和i/o线程无关
这个延迟复制不是i/o线程过段时间来复制,i/o是正常工作的
是日志已经保存在slave端了,那个sql要等多久进行回放
当master端误操作,可以在slave端进行数据备份
测试:
在master中写入数据后过了延迟时间才能被查询到
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
延迟复制

延迟复制时用来控制 sql 线程的,和 i/o 线程无关
这个延迟复制不是 i/o 线程过段时间来复制, i/o 是正常工作的
是日志已经保存在 slave 端了,那个 sql 要等多久进行回放
master 端误操作,可以在 slave 端进行数据备份
#在slave端
mysql> STOP SLAVE SQL_THREAD;
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_DELAY=60;
mysql> START SLAVE SQL_THREAD;
mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G;
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: db2d8c92-4dc2-11ef-b6b0-000c299355ea
Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 60 ##延迟效果
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more
updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
慢查询日志
慢查询,顾名思义,执行很慢的查询
当执行 SQL 超过 long_query_time 参数设定的时间阈值(默认 10s )时,就被认为是慢查询,这个
SQL 语句就是需要优化的
慢查询被记录在慢查询日志里
慢查询日志默认是不开启的
如果需要优化 SQL 语句,就可以开启这个功能,它可以让你很容易地知道哪些语句是需要优化的。
mysql> SHOW variables like "slow%";
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| slow_launch_time | 2 |
| slow_query_log | OFF |
| slow_query_log_file | /data/mysql/mysql-node1-slow.log |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
开启慢查询日志
mysql> SET GLOBAL slow_query_log=ON;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> SET long_query_time=4;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES like "long%";
+-----------------+----------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------+----------+
| long_query_time | 4.000000 |
+-----------------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES like "slow%";
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| slow_launch_time | 2 |
| slow_query_log | ON | ##慢查询日志开启
| slow_query_log_file | /data/mysql/mysql-node1-slow.log |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
[root@mysql-node1 ~]# cat /data/mysql/mysql-node1-slow.log #慢查询日志
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld, Version: 5.7.44-log (Source distribution). started
with:
Tcp port: 3306 Unix socket: /data/mysql/mysql.sock
mysql的并行复制
查看 slave 中的线程信息
默认情况下 slave 中使用的是 sql 单线程回放
master 中时多用户读写,如果使用 sql 单线程回放那么会造成组从延迟严重
开启 MySQL 的多线程回放可以解决上述问题
在slaves中设定
[root@mysql-node2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id=2
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON
slave-parallel-type=LOGICAL_CLOCK #基于组提交,
slave-parallel-workers=16 #开启线程数量
master_info_repository=TABLE #master信息在表中记录,默认记录
在/data/mysql//master.info
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE #回放日志信息在表中记录,默认记录
在/data/mysql/relay-log.info
relay_log_recovery=ON #日志回放恢复功能开启
[root@mysql-node2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

半同步模式

半同步模式原理

1. 用户线程写入完成后 master 中的 dump 会把日志推送到 slave
2.slave 中的 io 线程接收后保存到 relaylog 中继日志
3. 保存完成后 slave master 端返回 ack
4. 在未接受到 slave ack master 端时不做提交的,一直处于等待当收到 ack 后提交到存储引擎
5. 5.6 版本中用到的时 after_commit 模式, after_commit 模式时先提交在等待 ack 返回后输出 ok
gtid模式
当为启用 gtid 时我们要考虑的问题
master 端的写入时多用户读写,在 slave 端的复制时单线程日志回放,所以 slave 端一定会延迟与
master
这种延迟在 slave 端的延迟可能会不一致,当 master 挂掉后 slave 接管,一般会挑选一个和 master 延迟日志最接近的充当新的master
那么为接管 master 的主机继续充当 slave 角色并会指向到新的 master 上,作为其 slave
这时候按照之前的配置我们需要知道新的 master 上的 pos id ,但是我们无法确定新的 master slave 之 间差多少
当激活 GITD 之后
master 出现问题后, slave2 master 的数据最接近,会被作为新的 master
slave1 指向新的 master ,但是他不会去检测新的 master pos id ,只需要继续读取自己 gtid_next 即可
[root@mysql-node1 ~]# mysqlbinlog -vv /data/mysql/mysql-bin.000003
@@省略内容@@
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;
[root@mysql-node2 ~]# mysql -plee
mysql> select * from mysql.gtid_executed;
+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------------+
| source_uuid | interval_start | interval_end |
+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------------+
| 768c6b91-4c01-11ef-a514-000c299355ea | 1 | 1 |
+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
设置 gtid
#在master端和slave端开启gtid模式
[root@mysql-node1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON
symbolic-links=0
[root@mysql-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
[root@mysql-node2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id=2
log-bin=mysql-bin
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON
symbolic-links=0
[root@mysql-node2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
[root@mysql-node3 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id=3
log-bin=mysql-bin
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON
symbolic-links=0
[root@mysql-node3 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
#停止slave端
[root@mysql-node2 ~]# mysql -p
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[root@mysql-node3 ~]# mysql -p
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
#开启slave端的gtid
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.25.254.10', MASTER_USER='repl',
MASTER_PASSWORD='lee', MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1;
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.25.254.10
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_File: mysql-node2-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 367
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
3.3.启用半同步模式
在master端配置启用半同步模式
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_Space: 580
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: 768c6b91-4c01-11ef-a514-000c299355ea
Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more
updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 1 #功能开启
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
启动半同步模式
在master开启半同步功能

[root@mysql-node1 ~]# mysql -p lee
#安装半同步插件
mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_master SONAME 'semisync_master.so';
#查看插件情况
mysql> SELECT PLUGIN_NAME, PLUGIN_STATUS
-> FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PLUGINS
-> WHERE PLUGIN_NAME LIKE '%semi%';
+----------------------+---------------+
| PLUGIN_NAME | PLUGIN_STATUS |
+----------------------+---------------+
| rpl_semi_sync_master | ACTIVE |
+----------------------+---------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
#打开半同步功能
mysql> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1;
#查看半同步功能状态
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'rpl_semi_sync%';
+-------------------------------------------+------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-------------------------------------------+------------+
| rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled | ON |
| rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout | 10000 |
| rpl_semi_sync_master_trace_level | 32 |
| rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_for_slave_count | 1 |
| rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_no_slave | ON |
| rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_point | AFTER_SYNC |
+-------------------------------------------+------------+
mysql> SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Rpl_semi_sync%';
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_avg_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_waits | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_times | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_tx | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_status | ON |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_timefunc_failures | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_avg_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_waits | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_pos_backtraverse | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_sessions | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_yes_tx | 0 |
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show plugins

slave端开启半同步功能
开启半同步功能
[root@mysql-node2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON
rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1 #开启半同步功能
symbolic-links=0
[root@mysql-node2 ~]# mysql -plee
mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_slave SONAME 'semisync_slave.so';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled =1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> STOP SLAVE IO_THREAD; #重启io线程,半同步才能生效
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> START SLAVE IO_THREAD; ##重启io线程,半同步才能生效
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'rpl_semi_sync%';
+---------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------------+-------+
| rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled | ON |
| rpl_semi_sync_slave_trace_level | 32 |
+---------------------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Rpl_semi_sync%';
+----------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------------+-------+
| Rpl_semi_sync_slave_status | ON |
+----------------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

测试:
[root@mysql-node1 ~]# mysql -p lee
mysql> insert into lee.userlist values ('user4','123');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Rpl_semi_sync%';
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients | 2 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_avg_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_waits | 2 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_times | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_tx | 0 | #未同步数据0笔
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_status | ON |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_timefunc_failures | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_avg_wait_time | 981 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_wait_time | 981 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_waits | 1 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_pos_backtraverse | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_sessions | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_yes_tx | 1 | #已同步数据1笔
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#在slave端
[root@mysql-node2 ~]# mysql -plee
mysql> STOP SLAVE IO_THREAD;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[root@mysql-node3 ~]# mysql -plee
mysql> STOP SLAVE IO_THREAD;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#在master端插入数据
mysql> insert into lee.userlist values ('user5','555');
Query OK, 1 row affected (10.00 sec) #10秒超时
mysql> SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Rpl_semi%';
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_avg_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_waits | 2 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_times | 1 |

mysql高可用之组复制 (MGR)

MySQL Group Replication( 简称 MGR ) MySQL 官方于 2016 12 月推出的一个全新的高可用与高扩展的解决方案
组复制是 MySQL 5.7.17 版本出现的新特性,它提供了高可用、高扩展、高可靠的 MySQL 集群服务
MySQL 组复制分单主模式和多主模式,传统的 mysql 复制技术仅解决了数据同步的问题,MGR 对属于同一组的服务器自动进行协调。对于要提交的事务,组成员必须就全局事务序列中给定事务的顺序达成一致
提交或回滚事务由每个服务器单独完成,但所有服务器都必须做出相同的决定
如果存在网络分区,导致成员无法达成事先定义的分割策略,则在解决此问题之前系统不会继续进行,这是一种内置的自动裂脑保护机制
MGR 由组通信系统 ( Group Communication System GCS ) 协议支持该系统提供故障检测机制、组成员服务以及安全且有序的消息传递
组复制流程
首先我们将多个节点共同组成一个复制组,在执行读写( RW )事务的时候,需要通过一致性协议层(Consensus 层)的同意,也就是读写事务想要进行提交,必须要经过组里 大多数人 (对应 Node 节点)的同意,大多数指的是同意的节点数量需要大于 (N/2+1),这样才可以进行提交,而不是原发起方一个说了算。而针对只读(RO)事务则不需要经过组内同意,直接 提交 即可
组复制单主和多主模式

实现mysql组复制
编辑主配置文件:
#在mysql-node10中
[root@mysql-node10 ~]# rm -fr /data/mysql/
[root@mysql-node10 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
server-id=1 #配置server唯一标识号
disabled_storage_engines="MyISAM,BLACKHOLE,FEDERATED,ARCHIVE,MEMORY" #禁用指定存储
引擎
gtid_mode=ON #启用全局事件标识
enforce_gtid_consistency=ON #强制gtid一致
master_info_repository=TABLE #复制事件数据到表中而不记录在数据目录中
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
binlog_checksum=NONE #禁止对二进制日志校验
log_slave_updates=ON #打开数据库中继,
#当slave中sql线程读取日志后也会写入到自己的binlog中
log_bin=binlog #重新指定log名称
binlog_format=ROW #使用行日志格式
plugin_load_add='group_replication.so' #加载组复制插件
transaction_write_set_extraction=XXHASH64 #把每个事件编码为加密散列
group_replication_group_name="aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa" #通知插件正
式加入
#或创建的组
名
#名称为
uuid格式
group_replication_start_on_boot=off #在server启动时不自动启动组复
制
group_replication_local_address="172.25.254.10:33061" #指定插件接受其他成员的信息端
口
group_replication_group_seeds="172.25.254.10:33061,172.25.254.20:33061,
172.25.254.30:33061" #本地地址允许访
问成员列表
group_replication_ip_whitelist="172.25.254.0/24,127.0.0.1/8" #主机白名单
#不随系统自启而启动,只在初始成员主机中手动开启,
#需要在两种情况下做设定:1.初始化建组时 2.关闭并重新启动整个组时
group_replication_bootstrap_group=off
group_replication_single_primary_mode=OFF #使用多主模式
group_replication_enforce_update_everywhere_checks=ON #组同步中有任何改变
检测更新
group_replication_allow_local_disjoint_gtids_join=1 #放弃自己信息以
master事件为主

登录数据库
[root@mysql-node10 ~]# mysqld --user=mysql --initialize
[root@mysql-node10 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
[root@mysql-node10 ~]# mysql -uroot -p初始化后生成的密码 -e "alter user
root@localhost identified by 'lee';"

配置sql

[root@mysql-node10 ~]# mysql -plee
mysql> SET SQL_LOG_BIN=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> CREATE USER rpl_user@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'lee';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO rpl_user@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> SET SQL_LOG_BIN=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_USER='rpl_user', MASTER_PASSWORD='lee' FOR CHANNEL
'group_replication_recovery';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
mysql> SET GLOBAL group_replication_bootstrap_group=ON; #用以指定初始成员,值在第
一台主机中执行
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> START GROUP_REPLICATION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (2.19 sec)
mysql> SET GLOBAL group_replication_bootstrap_group=OFF;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT * FROM performance_schema.replication_group_members;
复制配置文件到myql-node20mysql-node30

修改mysql—node20mysl-node30中的配置

[root@mysql-node20 & 30 ~]# scp /etc/my.cnf root@172.25.254.20:/etc/my.cnf
[root@mysql-node20 & 30 ~]# scp /etc/my.cnf root@172.25.254.30:/etc/my.cnf

测试:

在另一个节点上也能完成读写

mysql-routermysql路由)

MySQL Router
是一个对应用程序透明的 InnoDB Cluster 连接路由服务,提供负载均衡、应用连接故障转移和客户端路由。
利用路由器的连接路由特性,用户可以编写应用程序来连接到路由器,并令路由器使用相应的路由策略 来处理连接,使其连接到正确的MySQL 数据库服务器
Mysql route的部署方式
我们需要在所有的数据库主机之外再开一台主机 mysql-router
#安装mysql-router
[root@mysql-router ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-router-community-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
#配置mysql-router
[root@mysql-router ~]# vim /etc/mysqlrouter/mysqlrouter.conf
[routing:ro]
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
bind_port = 7001
destinations = 172.25.254.10:3306,172.25.254.20:3306,172.25.254.30:3306
routing_strategy = round-robin
[routing:rw]
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
bind_port = 7002
destinations = 172.25.254.30:3306,172.25.254.20:3306,172.25.254.10:3306
routing_strategy = first-available
测试:
#建立测试用户
mysql> CREATE USER lee@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'lee';
mysql> GRANT ALL ON lee.* TO lee@'%';
#查看调度效果
[root@mysql-node10 & 20 & 30 ~]# watch -1 lsof -i :3306
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mysqld 9879 mysql 22u IPv6 56697 0t0 TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)
[root@mysql-router ~]# mysql -ulee -plee -h 172.25.254.40 -P 7001

mysql高可用之MHA

为什么要用 MHA
Master 的单点故障问题
什么是 MHA
MHA Master High Availability )是一套优秀的 MySQL 高可用环境下故障切换和主从复制的软件。
MHA 的出现就是解决 MySQL 单点的问题。
MySQL 故障切换过程中, MHA 能做到 0-30 秒内自动完成故障切换操作。
MHA 能在故障切换的过程中最大程度上保证数据的一致性,以达到真正意义上的高可用。
MHA 的组成
MHA 由两部分组成 :MHAManager ( 管理节点 ) MHA Node ( 数据库节点 ), MHA Manager 可以单独部署在一台独立的机器上管理多个 master-slave 集群,也可以部署在一台slave 节点上。
MHA Manager 会定时探测集群中的 master 节点。
master 出现故障时,它可以自动将最新数据的 slave 提升为新的 master , 然后将所有其他的
slave 重新指向新的 master
MHA 的特点
自动故障切换过程中, MHA 从宕机的主服务器上保存二进制日志,最大程度的保证数据不丢失
使用半同步复制,可以大大降低数据丢失的风险,如果只有一个 slave 已经收到了最新的二进制日
志, MHA 可以将最新的二进制日志应用于其他所有的 slave 服务器上,因此可以保证所有节点的数
据一致性
目前 MHA 支持一主多从架构,最少三台服务,即一主两从
故障切换备选主库的算法
1 .一般判断从库的是从( position/GTID )判断优劣,数据有差异,最接近于 master slave ,成为备选主。
2 .数据一致的情况下,按照配置文件顺序,选择备选主库。
3 .设定有权重( candidate_master=1 ),按照权重强制指定备选主。
1 )默认情况下如果一个 slave 落后 master 100M relay logs 的话,即使有权重,也会失效。
2 )如果 check_repl_delay=0 的话,即使落后很多日志,也强制选择其为备选主。 MHA 工作原理
目前 MHA 主要支持一主多从的架构,要搭建 MHA, 要求一个复制集群必须最少有 3 台数据库服务器,一主二从,即一台充当Master ,台充当备用 Master ,另一台充当从库。
MHA Node 运行在每台 MySQL 服务器上
MHAManager 会定时探测集群中的 master 节点
master 出现故障时,它可以自动将最新数据的 slave 提升为新的 master
然后将所有其他的 slave 重新指向新的 master VIP 自动漂移到新的 master
整个故障转移过程对应用程序完全透明。
搭建主两从架构
#在master节点中
[root@mysql-node10 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
[root@mysql-node10 ~]# rm -fr /data/mysql/*
[root@mysql-node10 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin
gtid_mode=ON
log_slave_updates=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON
symbolic-links=0
[root@mysql-node10 ~]# mysqld --user mysql --initialize
[root@mysql-node10 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
[root@mysql-node10 ~]# mysql_secure_installation
[root@mysql-node10 ~]# mysql -p
mysql> CREATE USER 'repl'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'lee';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO repl@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_master SONAME 'semisync_master.so';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#在slave1和slave2中
[root@mysql-node20 & 30 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
[root@mysql-node20 & 30 ~]# rm -fr /data/mysql/*
[root@mysql-node20 & 30 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin
gtid_mode=ON
log_slave_updates=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON
symbolic-links=0
[root@mysql-node20 & 30 ~]# mysqld --user mysql --initialize
[root@mysql-node20 & 300 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
[root@mysql-node20 & 30 ~]# mysql_secure_installation
[root@mysql-node20 & 30 ~]# mysql -p
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.25.254.10', MASTER_USER='repl',
MASTER_PASSWORD='lee', MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_slave SONAME 'semisync_slave.so';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled =1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> STOP SLAVE IO_THREAD;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> START SLAVE IO_THREAD;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Rpl_semi_sync%';
+----------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------------+-------+
| Rpl_semi_sync_slave_status | ON |
+----------------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

安装MHA所需要的软件
#在MHA中
[root@mysql-mha ~]# unzip MHA-7.zip
[root@mysql-mha MHA-7]# ls
mha4mysql-manager-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm perl-Mail-Sender-0.8.23-
1.el7.noarch.rpm
mha4mysql-manager-0.58.tar.gz perl-Mail-Sendmail-0.79-
21.el7.noarch.rpm
mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm perl-MIME-Lite-3.030-
1.el7.noarch.rpm
perl-Config-Tiny-2.14-7.el7.noarch.rpm perl-MIME-Types-1.38-
2.el7.noarch.rpm
perl-Email-Date-Format-1.002-15.el7.noarch.rpm perl-Net-Telnet-3.03-
19.el7.noarch.rpm
perl-Log-Dispatch-2.41-1.el7.1.noarch.rpm perl-Parallel-ForkManager-1.18-
2.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@mysql-mha MHA-7]# yum install *.rpm -y
[root@mysql-mha MHA-7]# scp mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
root@172.25.254.10:/mnt
[root@mysql-mha MHA-7]# scp mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
root@172.25.254.20:/mnt
[root@mysql-mha MHA-7]# scp mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
root@172.25.254.30:/mnt
#在sql-node中
[root@mysql-node10 ~]# yum install /mnt/mha4mysql-node-0.58-
0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm -y
[root@mysql-node20 ~]# yum install /mnt/mha4mysql-node-0.58-
0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm -y
[root@mysql-node30 ~]# yum install /mnt/mha4mysql-node-0.58-
0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm -y

配置MHA 的管理环境
#生成配置文件
[root@mysql-mha ~]# mkdir /etc/masterha
[root@mysql-mha MHA-7]# tar zxf mha4mysql-manager-0.58.tar.gz
[root@mysql-mha MHA-7]# cd mha4mysql-manager-0.58/samples/conf/
[root@mysql-mha conf]# cat masterha_default.cnf app1.cnf >
/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
#编辑配置文件
[root@mysql-mha ~]# vim /etc/masterha/app1.cnf
[server default]
user=root #mysql管理员用户,因为需要做自动化配置
password=lee #mysql密码
ssh_user=root #ssh远程登陆用户
repl_user=repl #mysql主从复制中负责认证的用户
repl_password=lee #mysql主从复制中负责认证的用户密码
master_binlog_dir= /data/mysql #二进制日志目录
remote_workdir=/tmp #远程工作目录
#此参数使为了提供冗余检测,方式是mha主机网络自身的问题无法连接数据库节点,应为集群之外的主机
secondary_check_script= masterha_secondary_check -s 172.25.254.10 -s
172.25.254.11
ping_interval=3 #每隔3秒检测一次
#发生故障后调用的脚本,用来迁移vip
# master_ip_failover_script= /script/masterha/master_ip_failover
#电源管理脚本
# shutdown_script= /script/masterha/power_manager
#当发生故障后用此脚本发邮件或者告警通知
# report_script= /script/masterha/send_report
#在线切换时调用的vip迁移脚本,手动
# master_ip_online_change_script= /script/masterha/master_ip_online_change
manager_workdir=/etc/masterha #mha工作目录
manager_log=/var/etc/masterha/manager.log #mha日志
[server1]
hostname=172.25.254.10
candidate_master=1 #可能作为master的主机
check_repl_delay=0 ##默认情况下如果一个slave落后master 100M的relay logs的话
#MHA将不会选择该slave作为一个新的master
#因为对于这个slave的恢复需要花费很长时间
#通过设置check_repl_delay=0
#MHA触发切换在选择一个新的master的时候将会忽略复制延时
#这个参数对于设置了candidate_master=1的主机非常有用
#因为这个候选主在切换的过程中一定是新的master
[server2]
hostname=172.25.254.20
candidate_master=1 #可能作为master的主机
check_repl_delay=0
[server3]
hostname=172.25.254.30
no_master=1 #不会作为master的主机

检测网络及ssh免密
检测数据主从复制情况
#在数据节点master端
mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO root@'%' identified by 'lee'; #允许root远程登陆
#执行检测
[root@mysql-mha ~]# masterha_check_repl --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
Fri Aug 2 17:04:20 2024 - [warning] Global configuration file
/etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping.
Fri Aug 2 17:04:20 2024 - [info] Reading application default configuration from
/etc/masterha/app1.cnf..
Fri Aug 2 17:04:20 2024 - [info] Reading server configuration from
/etc/masterha/app1.cnf..
Fri Aug 2 17:04:20 2024 - [info] MHA::MasterMonitor version 0.58.
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] GTID failover mode = 1
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] Dead Servers:
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] Alive Servers:
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] 172.25.254.10(172.25.254.10:3306)
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] 172.25.254.20(172.25.254.20:3306)
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] 172.25.254.30(172.25.254.30:3306)
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] Alive Slaves:
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] 172.25.254.20(172.25.254.20:3306)
Version=5.7.44-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabled
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] GTID ON
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] Replicating from
172.25.254.10(172.25.254.10:3306)
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] Primary candidate for the new Master
(candidate_master is set)
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] 172.25.254.30(172.25.254.30:3306)
Version=5.7.44-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabled
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] GTID ON
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] Replicating from
172.25.254.10(172.25.254.10:3306)
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] Not candidate for the new Master (no_master
is set)
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] Current Alive Master:
172.25.254.10(172.25.254.10:3306)
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] Checking slave configurations..
6.2.3 MHA的故障切换
MHA的故障切换过程
共包括以下的步骤:
1.配置文件检查阶段,这个阶段会检查整个集群配置文件配置
2.宕机的master处理,这个阶段包括虚拟ip摘除操作,主机关机操作
3.复制dead master和最新slave相差的relay log,并保存到MHA Manger具体的目录下
4.识别含有最新更新的slave
5.应用从master保存的二进制日志事件(binlog events)
6.提升一个slave为新的master进行复制
7.使其他的slave连接新的master进行复制
切换方式:
master未出现故障手动切换
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] read_only=1 is not set on slave
172.25.254.20(172.25.254.20:3306).
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] read_only=1 is not set on slave
172.25.254.30(172.25.254.30:3306).
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] Checking replication filtering settings..
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] binlog_do_db= , binlog_ignore_db=
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] Replication filtering check ok.
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] GTID (with auto-pos) is supported. Skipping all
SSH and Node package checking.
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] Checking SSH publickey authentication settings
on the current master..
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] HealthCheck: SSH to 172.25.254.10 is reachable.
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info]
172.25.254.10(172.25.254.10:3306) (current master)
+--172.25.254.20(172.25.254.20:3306)
+--172.25.254.30(172.25.254.30:3306)
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] Checking replication health on 172.25.254.20..
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] ok.
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] Checking replication health on 172.25.254.30..
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] ok.
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [warning] master_ip_failover_script is not defined.
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [warning] shutdown_script is not defined.
Fri Aug 2 17:04:21 2024 - [info] Got exit code 0 (Not master dead).
MySQL Replication Health is OK.
MHA的故障切换
MHA 的故障切换过程
共包括以下的步骤:
1. 配置文件检查阶段,这个阶段会检查整个集群配置文件配置
2. 宕机的 master 处理,这个阶段包括虚拟 ip 摘除操作,主机关机操作
3. 复制 dead master 和最新 slave 相差的 relay log ,并保存到 MHA Manger 具体的目录下
4. 识别含有最新更新的 slave
5. 应用从 master 保存的二进制日志事件( binlog events
6. 提升一个 slave 为新的 master 进行复制
 
7. 使其他的 slave 连接新的 master 进行复制
#在master数据节点还在正常工作情况下
[root@mysql-mha ~]# masterha_master_switch \
--conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf \ #指定配置文件
--master_state=alive \ #指定master节点状态
--new_master_host=172.25.254.20 \ #指定新master节点
--new_master_port=3306 \ #执行新master节点端口
--orig_master_is_new_slave \ #原始master会变成新的slave
--running_updates_limit=10000 #切换的超时时间
master故障手动切换
#模拟master故障
[root@mysql-node20 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
#在MHA-master中做故障切换
[root@mysql-mha masterha]# masterha_master_switch --master_state=dead --
conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --dead_master_host=192.168.56.12 --
dead_master_port=3306 --new_master_host=192.168.56.11 --new_master_port=3306 --
ignore_last_failover
MHA添加VIP功能
[root@mysql-mha ~]# ls
master_ip_failover master_ip_online_change MHA-7 MHA-7.zip
[root@mysql-mha ~]# cp master_ip_failover master_ip_online_change
/usr/local/bin/
[root@mysql-mha ~]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/master_ip_*
#修改脚本在脚本中只需要修改下vip即可
[root@mysql-mha ~]# vim /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover
my $vip = '172.25.254.100/24';
my $ssh_start_vip = "/sbin/ip addr add $vip dev eth0";
my $ssh_stop_vip = "/sbin/ip addr del $vip dev eth0";
[root@mysql-mha ~]# vim /usr/local/bin/master_ip_online_change
my $vip = '172.25.254.100/24';
my $ssh_start_vip = "/sbin/ip addr add $vip dev eth0";
my $ssh_stop_vip = "/sbin/ip addr del $vip dev eth0";
my $exit_code = 0;
[root@mysql-mha masterha]# masterha_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf & 启动监
控程序
[root@mysql-node10 tmp]# ip a a 172.25.254.100/24 dev eth0 #在master节点添加VIP
模拟故障
[root@mysql-node10 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop #关闭主节点服务
[root@mysql-mha masterha]# cat manager.log
恢复故障主机
[root@mysql-node20 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.25.254.10', MASTER_USER='repl',
MASTER_PASSWORD='lee', MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1
[root@mysql-mha masterha]# rm -rf app1.failover.complete manager.log
手动切换后查看vip变化
[root@mysql-mha masterha]# masterha_master_switch --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
--master_state=alive --new_master_host=172.25.254.10 --new_master_port=3306 --
orig_master_is_new_slave --running_updates_limit=10000
[root@mysql-node10 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default
qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP
group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:cb:63:ce brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.25.254.10/24 brd 172.25.254.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 172.25.254.100/24 scope global secondary eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

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