目录
SSM是Java Web开发中常用的三个主流框架组合的缩写,分别对应Spring、Spring MVC、MyBatis。这三个框架协同工作,能够完成企业级应用开发中的业务逻辑、Web层交互及数据持久化任务。
- Spring:作为SSM的基础框架,主要负责依赖注入(DI)和面向切面编程(AOP)。它简化了Java程序对数据库的访问,提高了数据库的访问效率和稳定性。
- Spring MVC:实际上是Spring框架的扩展,属于Spring框架的一部分。它主要负责Web层的交互,使得开发Web应用变得更加简单和高效。
- MyBatis:是一个支持普通SQL查询、存储过程和高级映射的持久层框架。它消除了几乎所有的JDBC代码和参数的手工设置以及结果集的检索,使得开发者可以更加专注于业务逻辑的实现。
SSM整合
创建项目
首先新建一个项目,详情请见:SpringMVC概述以及入门案例-CSDN博客,新建项目后再main下方新建test目录用作测试:
导入依赖
ssm整合需要导入一些依赖包,具体如下:
- spring-webmvc
- spring-jdbc
- spring-contest
- mybatis
- mybatis-spring
- mysql-connector-java
- druid
- junit
- javax.servlet-api
- jackson-databind
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.3.20</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>5.3.18</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>5.3.20</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>3.5.6</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId> <version>1.3.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>8.0.28</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid</artifactId> <version>1.2.8</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>2.12.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.13.2</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies>
配置文件
接下来在java包下面新建软件包config,用于存放各种配置来,分别是:SpringConfig、MyBatisConfig、JdbcConfig、ServletConfig、SpringMvcConfig。以及resources目录下的db.properities。
SpringConfig
该配置类的作用是:作为Spring配置文件,扫描指定的包,并且导入加载其他需要的配置文件:
@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.cc.service"})
@PropertySource(("db.properties")) //加载外部属性文件
@Import({JdbcConfig.class, MyBatisConfig.class}) //导入其他配置类
public class SpringConfig {
}
MyBatisConfig
MyBatis的XML方式:
@Configuration public class MyBatisXmlConfig { @Bean public SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactory(DataSource dataSource) throws Exception { SqlSessionFactoryBean factoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean(); factoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource); // 关键配置:显式指定XML映射文件位置 factoryBean.setMapperLocations( new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath:mapper/*.xml") ); return factoryBean; } @Bean public MapperScannerConfigurer mapperScannerConfigurer() { MapperScannerConfigurer msc = new MapperScannerConfigurer(); msc.setBasePackage("com.cc.dao"); // 关键配置:要求接口与XML文件关联(默认行为) msc.setSqlSessionFactoryBeanName("sqlSessionFactory"); return msc; } }
注解配置方式:
@Configuration public class MyBatisAnnotationConfig { @Bean public SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactory(DataSource dataSource) { SqlSessionFactoryBean factoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean(); factoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource); return factoryBean; } @Bean public MapperScannerConfigurer mapperScannerConfigurer() { MapperScannerConfigurer msc = new MapperScannerConfigurer(); msc.setBasePackage("com.cc.dao"); // 关键配置:启用注解扫描模式 msc.setAnnotationClass(Mapper.class); msc.setSqlSessionFactoryBeanName("sqlSessionFactory"); return msc; } }
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean; import org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import javax.sql.DataSource; public class MyBatisConfig { //配置了一个MyBatis的SqlSessionFactory,指定了使用的数据源和类型别名包路径。 @Bean public SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean(DataSource dataSource){ SqlSessionFactoryBean factoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean(); factoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource); factoryBean.setTypeAliasesPackage("com.cc.domain"); return factoryBean; } //通过Spring配置了一个MapperScannerConfigurer,指定了需要扫描的Mapper接口所在的包路径。 //这样,MyBatis就可以根据这些配置自动地找到并注册Mapper接口 @Bean public MapperScannerConfigurer mapperScannerConfigurer(){ MapperScannerConfigurer msc = new MapperScannerConfigurer(); msc.setBasePackage("com.cc.dao"); return msc; } }
使用注解方式的关键代码是setAnnotationClass(Mapper.class),但是只要在Mapper接口的方法上使用了@Select等注解,即时未配置也会隐式支持注解。
JdbcConfig
配置数据源,并且交给spring容器管理。
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
public class JdbcConfig {
//注入值
@Value("${jdbc.driver}")
private String driver;
@Value("${jdbc.url}")
private String url;
@Value("${jdbc.username}")
private String username;
@Value("${jdbc.password}")
private String password;
@Bean
public DataSource dataSource(){
DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClassName(driver);
dataSource.setUrl(url);
dataSource.setUsername(username);
dataSource.setPassword(password);
return dataSource;
}
}
ServletConfig
import org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
public class ServletConfig extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer{
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{SpringConfig.class};
}
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{SpringMvcConfig.class};
}
@Override
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
return new String[]{"/"};
}
@Override
protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
filter.setEncoding("UTF-8");
return new Filter[]{filter};
}
}
SpringMvcConfig
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.cc.controller")
@EnableWebMvc
public class SpringMvcConfig {
}
功能模块
首先依据准备的表结构创建对应的POJO类:
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private int age;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
接下来就是关于数据库操作的Dao:
public interface UserDao {
@Insert("insert into user(name,age) values(#{name},#{age})")
public void save(User user);
@Update("update user set name=#{name} where id = #{id}")
public void update(User user);
@Delete("delete from user where id =#{id}")
public void delete(Integer id);
@Select("select * from user where id =#{id}")
public User getById(Integer id);
@Select("select * from user")
public List<User> getAll();
}
以及Dao对应的Service接口和实现类
public interface UserService {
/**
* 保存
* @param user
* @return
*/
public boolean save(User user);
/**
* 修改
* @param user
* @return
*/
public boolean update(User user);
/**\
* 根据id删除
* @param id
* @return
*/
public boolean delete(Integer id);
/**
* 根据id查询
* @param id
* @return
*/
public User getById(Integer id);
/**
* 查询所有
* @return
*/
public List<User> getAll();
}
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
@Override
public boolean save(User user) {
userDao.save(user);
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean update(User user) {
userDao.update(user);
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean delete(Integer id) {
userDao.delete(id);
return true;
}
@Override
public User getById(Integer id) {
return userDao.getById(id);
}
@Override
public List<User> getAll() {
return userDao.getAll();
}
}
剩下就是REST风格的Controller控制类:
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/users")
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@PostMapping
public boolean save(@RequestBody User user) {
return userService.save(user);
}
@PutMapping
public boolean update(@RequestBody User user) {
return userService.update(user);
}
@DeleteMapping("/{id}")
public boolean delete(@PathVariable Integer id) {
return userService.delete(id);
}
@GetMapping("/{id}")
public User getById(@PathVariable Integer id) {
return userService.getById(id);
}
@GetMapping
public List<User> getAll() {
return userService.getAll();
}
}
测试
在开发中通常要进行两种测试,分别是业务接口测试,第二个是表现层的接口测试。
业务层接口测试
在test目录下新建测试包:
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) //使用Spring的测试运行器来运行测试。
@ContextConfiguration(classes = SpringConfig.class)
public class UserServiceTest {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@Test
public void testGetById(){
User user = userService.getById(2);
System.out.println(user);
}
@Test
public void testGetAll(){
List<User> user = userService.getAll();
System.out.println(user);
}
}
能够查询到数据,说明业务层没问题,接下来测试控制层,启动Tomcat:
控制层测试
在postman进行测试:
查询所有:
新增: