配置DHCP服务,让网络管理变得轻松简单
在今天的网络环境中,DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol,动态主机配置协议)已经成为了一个不可或缺的工具。它允许网络设备自动获取IP地址和其他网络配置信息,大大减少了网络管理员的工作量。下面,我将向大家介绍如何配置DHCP服务。
了解DHCP
DHCP是一个基于客户端-服务器模式的网络协议,用于自动分配IP地址给网络中的设备。当设备连接到网络时,它会向DHCP服务器发送请求,服务器会响应并分配一个IP地址和其他相关配置信息。
资源清单
CentOS 7 桌面版: | IP地址:192.168.72.139子网掩码:255.255.255.0DNS:192.168.72.2网关:192.168.72.2 |
---|---|
Windows10IP地址: | 192.168.72.153子网掩码:255.255.255.0网关:192.168.72.2 |
基础环境
关闭防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld //关闭防火墙开机自启动
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld //关闭防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status firewalld //查看防火墙关闭状态
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
Docs: man:firewalld(1)
关闭selinux
永久关闭SELinux(编辑 /etc/selinux/config文件,将 SELINUX=enforcing 更改为 SELINUX=disabled,然后重启系统):
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config //vi 进入 /etc/selinux/config 里面修改 SELINUX
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config
This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled //将 SELINUX=enforcing 修改为 SELINUX=disabled
SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three values:
targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
[root@localhost ~]# reboot //重启
修改主机名
使用 hostnamectl 命令修改主机名(例如,将主机名更改为"wxx"):
hostnamectl set-hostname wxx
配置dhcp服务器为静态IP
1.查看IP ifconfig ens33
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.72.139 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.72.255
inet6 fe80::5140:5667:430b:5686 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:d8:48:d6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 22404 bytes 32788422 (31.2 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 1454 bytes 98974 (96.6 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
2.查看网关 route -n
[root@localhost ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.72.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.72.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
3.修改网卡配置信息
使用 vi 进入 vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 修改网络配置参数
#修改网卡配置文件、设置为静态的
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=8171bca7-757f-44ad-88a2-81b60c4f7fa0
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.72.187
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.72.2
DNS1=192.168.72.2
4.重启网络服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart network
安装DHCP服务
#创建目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /media/cdrom
#挂载到刚创建的目录
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom/
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护,将以只读方式挂载
#ls查看目录下的文件
[root@localhost ~]# ls /media/cdrom/
CentOS_BuildTag EFI EULA GPL images isolinux LiveOS Packages repodata RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7 TRANS.TBL
#找到Packages目录下的dhcp-4.2.5-83.el7.centos.1.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# ls /media/cdrom/Packages/dhcp-4.2.5-83.el7.centos.1.x86_64.rpm
/media/cdrom/Packages/dhcp-4.2.5-83.el7.centos.1.x86_64.rpm
#安装 dhcp-4.2.5-83.el7.centos.1.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh /media/cdrom/Packages/dhcp-4.2.5-83.el7.centos.1.x86_64.rpm
警告:/media/cdrom/Packages/dhcp-4.2.5-83.el7.centos.1.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:dhcp-12:4.2.5-83.el7.centos.1 ################################# [100%]
#复制 /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/dhcpd.conf.example 到 /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
cp:是否覆盖"/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf"? y
#vi进入配置文件,添加以下配置
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
subnet 192.168.72.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.72.20 192.168.72.30;
option routers 192.168.72.2;
option domain- name- servers 114.114.114.114;
}
#启动
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start dhcpd
#设置开机自启动
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable dhcpd
客户端验证
#打开Windows10虚拟机,右击右下角小电脑,打开网络和共享中心,点击右边更改适配器设置,会有一个Ethernet0出现,双击点击详细信息
#点击虚拟机右上角编辑,点击虚拟网络编辑器,然后点击更改设置。
#然后点击更改设置,点击VMnet8,将下面的使用本地DHCP服务将IP地址分配给虚拟机取消勾选,应用,确定
#然后切换到CentOS 7桌面版重启一下dhcp,输入:systemctl restart dhcpd 命令
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart dhcpd
#再切换到windows10虚拟机,win+r打开输入对话框,输入cmd之后,输入ipconfig /release 命令和ipconfig /renew命令
#再打开右下角网络共享中心,找到Ethernet0,右键禁用,再启用。完成后在查看详细信息,就会发现IP地址变成刚刚配置文件配置的IP了。