练习：利用初级Java写图书管理系统

最新推荐文章于 2023-05-12 21:41:26 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-05-12 21:41:26 发布

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文章标签： java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_75100464/article/details/127959704

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画结构图理清总体结构

1.先写book类

package book;

public class Book {
    private String name;
    private String author;
    private String type;
    private boolean isBorrowed;

    public Book() {
    }

    public Book(String name, String author, String type) {
        this.name = name;
        this.author = author;
        this.type = type;
    }

    /**
     * 获取
     * @return name
     */
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    /**
     * 设置
     * @param name
     */
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    /**
     * 获取
     * @return author
     */
    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    /**
     * 设置
     * @param author
     */
    public void setAuthor(String author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    /**
     * 获取
     * @return type
     */
    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }

    /**
     * 设置
     * @param type
     */
    public void setType(String type) {
        this.type = type;
    }

    /**
     * 获取
     * @return isBorrowed
     */
    public boolean getIsBorrowed() {
        return isBorrowed;
    }

    /**
     * 设置
     * @param isBorrowed
     */
    public void setIsBorrowed(boolean isBorrowed) {
        this.isBorrowed = isBorrowed;
    }

    public String toString() {
        return "Book{name = " + name + ", author = " + author + ", type = " + type +", isBorrowed = "+(isBorrowed==true?"已被借出":"未被借出") + "}";
    }
}//需要注意的是最后toString的重写，利用三目运算符输出书本是否被借出

2.再写bookList类

public class BookList {
    Book[] books=new Book[10];//定义一个Book类型的数组
    private int usedsize;//计算多少本书

    public BookList() {
        books[0]=new Book("三国演义","罗贯中","小说");
        books[1]=new Book("西游记","吴承恩","小说");
        books[2]=new Book("红楼梦","曹雪芹","小说");
        this.usedsize=3;
    }//BookList的空参构造方法

    public BookList(int usedsize) {
        this.usedsize = usedsize;
    }//BookList的有参构造方法

    public Book getBook(int pos){
        return this.books[pos];
    }
    public void setBook(Book book){
        this.books[usedsize]=book;
    }
    public void setBook(int pos,Book book){
        this.books[pos]=book;
    }//books数组的getter and setter

    public int getUsedsize() {
        return usedsize;
    }

    public void setUsedsize(int usedsize) {
        this.usedsize = usedsize;
    }//usedsize的getter and setter

}

3.写User类

package user;

import book.BookList;
import opera.Ioperation;

public abstract class User {
   protected String name;
    protected Ioperation[] ioperations;
  //定义一个接口数组，用来存放不同人相同选择对应的方法

    public User() {
    }
    public User(String name) {
        this.name = name;//构造方法
    }

    public abstract int menu();//菜单抽象方法，子类要重写菜单
    public void doWork(int choose, BookList bookList){
        this.ioperations[choose].work(bookList);//调用不同人对应的方法
    }
}

4.写User类的子类AdmiUser

package user;

import opera.*;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class AdmiUser extends User{
    public AdmiUser(String name) {
        super(name);//继承父类，要先调用父类的构造方法
        this.ioperations = new Ioperation[]{
               new ExitOperate(),//退出系统的选择是0，放在[0]的位置比较好
                new AddOperate(),
                new ShowOperate(),
                new UpdateOperate(),
                new DeleOperate()
                };//父类接口数组的调用，放入管理员的工作类
    }


    @Override
    public int menu() {
        System.out.println("*******************");
        System.out.println("欢迎 "+name+" 登录图书管理系统");
        System.out.println("1.添加图书");
        System.out.println("2.查看图书");
        System.out.println("3.修改图书");
        System.out.println("4.删除图书");
        System.out.println("0.退出系统");
        System.out.println("*******************");
        System.out.println("请输入你的选择");
        Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
        int choose=sc.nextInt();
        return choose;
    }//重写菜单并返回键盘录入用户选择

}

5.写User类的子类NomalUser

package user;

import opera.*;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class NomalUser extends User{
    public NomalUser(String name) {
        super(name);
        this.ioperations=new Ioperation[]{
          new ExitOperate(),
          new FindOperate(),
          new BorrowOperate(),
          new ReturnOperate()
        };//存放普通用户的选择类
    }

    @Override
    public int menu() {
        System.out.println("*******************");
        System.out.println("欢迎 "+name+" 登录图书管理系统");
        System.out.println("1.查看图书");
        System.out.println("2.借出图书");
        System.out.println("3.归还图书");
        System.out.println("0.退出系统");
        System.out.println("*******************");
        System.out.println("请输入你的选择");
        Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
        int choose=sc.nextInt();
        return choose;
    }

}

6.Main方法

package user;

import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
    public static User login() {
        System.out.println("请输入你的姓名");
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        String name = sc.next();
        System.out.println("请输入你的选择 1->管理者 0->普通用户");
        int cho = sc.nextInt();
        if (cho == 1) {
            return new AdmiUser(name);
        } else {
            return new NomalUser(name);
        }
    }//写一个登录方法，返回值是User，应用了向上转型知识

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BookList booklist = new BookList();//实例化bookList
        User user = login();//调用登录方法，选择管理者或者普通用户
        while (true) {
            int choose = user.menu();
        //调用不同人的不同菜单，用choose接收，因为菜单返回choose
            user.doWork(choose, booklist);//调用不同人的不同菜单中的不同操作
        }
    }
}

7.AddOperate添加图书

package opera;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class AddOperate implements Ioperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("添加图书");
        System.out.println("请输入你要添加的图书名字");
        Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
        int curr=bookList.getUsedsize();
        String name=sc.next();
        for (int i = 0; i <curr; i++) {
            Book book=bookList.getBook(i);
           if(book.getName().equals(name)){
               System.out.println("已经存在这本书");
               return;
           }
        }//连接接口，重写接口中的方法
        System.out.println("请输入作者");
        String author=sc.next();
        System.out.println("请输入图书类型");
        String tpye=sc.next();
        Book book=new Book(name,author,tpye);//实例化book，放入一本书
        bookList.setBook(book);//把这本书放入书本数组
        bookList.setUsedsize(bookList.getUsedsize()+1);//书本数量+1
        System.out.println("添加成功");
    }
}

8.删除图书

package opera;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class DeleOperate implements Ioperation {
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("删除图书");
        System.out.println("请输入要删除的图书名字");
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int curr = bookList.getUsedsize();
        int index=-1;//定义一个记号记录要删除的书本对应的下标
        String name = sc.next();
        for (int i = 0; i < curr; i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
            if (book.getName().equals(name)) {//找到名字相同的图书
                index=i;//记录要删除的书本对应的下标
                break;//找到就结束循环
            }
        }
        for (int j = index; j < curr-1; j++) {
            Book book=bookList.getBook(j+1);//找到书本数组的第j+1本书
            bookList.setBook(j,book);//把第j+1本书放到j的位置
        }
        bookList.setUsedsize(curr-1);//把书本数量-1
        bookList.setBook(curr-1,null);//把最后一本书（与它前面一本相同）置为null
        System.out.println("删除成功");
    }
}

9.查看所有图书

package opera;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

public class ShowOperate implements Ioperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("查看图书");
        int curr=bookList.getUsedsize();
        for (int i = 0; i < curr; i++) {
            Book book=bookList.getBook(i);//循环拿出每一本书
            System.out.println(book);
        }
    }
}

10.借出图书

package opera;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class BorrowOperate implements Ioperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("借出图书");
            System.out.println("请输入你要借的图书");
            Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
            String name=sc.next();
            int curr=bookList.getUsedsize();
            for (int i = 0; i < curr; i++) {
                Book book=bookList.getBook(i);
                if(book.getName().equals(name)&&book.getIsBorrowed()==false){
                    //找到名字相同的书，并且这本书未被借出
                    System.out.println("借出成功");
                    book.setIsBorrowed(true);//修改书本状态未已借出
                    return;//借出则结束方法
                }
            }
        System.out.println("没有这本书或者书本已经被借出");
    }
}

11.归还图书

package opera;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ReturnOperate implements Ioperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("归还图书");
        System.out.println("请输入你要归还的图书");
        Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
        String name=sc.next();
        int curr=bookList.getUsedsize();
        for (int i = 0; i < curr; i++) {
            Book book=bookList.getBook(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(name)&&book.getIsBorrowed()==true){
                //判断书本是否已经被借出
                System.out.println("归还成功");
                book.setIsBorrowed(false);//修改书本状态为未借出
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("没有这本书");
    }
}

12.查找图书

package opera;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class FindOperate implements Ioperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("查找图书");
        System.out.println("请输入你要查找的图书名字");
        Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
        String findbook=sc.next();
        int curr=bookList.getUsedsize();
        for (int i = 0; i < curr; i++) {
            Book book=bookList.getBook(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(findbook)){
                System.out.println("找到了这本书");
                System.out.println(book);//输出这本书
                return;
            }

        }
        System.out.println("没有这本书");
    }
}

13.修改图书

package opera;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class UpdateOperate implements Ioperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("修改图书");
        Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("输入书名");
        String name=sc.next();
        for (int i = 0; i <bookList.getUsedsize(); i++) {
            Book book=bookList.getBook(i);//遍历找到这本书
            if(book.getName().equals(name)){
                System.out.println("输入修改后的书名");
                String name1=sc.next();
                System.out.println("输入修改后的作者");
                String author=sc.next();
                System.out.println("输入修改后的类型");
                String type=sc.next();
                Book book1=new Book(name1,author,type);//实例化一个新的书本
                bookList.setBook(i,book1);//把这本书放在找到的那本书的位置，实现替换
                System.out.println("修改成功");
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("没有此书！！");
    }

14.退出系统

package opera;

import book.BookList;

public class ExitOperate implements Ioperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("退出系统");
        System.exit(0);//正常退出
    }
}