假设所需截取的字符串为downloadUrl
1.截取特殊字符前的字符串内容
downloadUrl.substring(0,downloadUrl.lastIndexOf("/"))
2.截取特殊字符及特殊字符后的内容
downloadUrl.substring(downloadUrl.lastIndexOf("/")
3.截取特殊字符后的内容(不包含特殊字符)
let index = downloadUrl.lastIndexOf("/")
folder =downloadUrl.substr(index+1)