Java学习第七天

1.Set集合

准备一个Set集合指向HashSet对象，向该集合中添加元素并打印

public class SetTest {
    @Test
    public void setTest() {
        Set<String> set = new HashSet<>();
        boolean b = set.add("two");//true
        System.out.println("b = " + b);
        System.out.println(set);//[two]
        b = set.add("one");
        System.out.println("b = " + b);//true
        System.out.println(set);//[one,two]
        b = set.add("three");
        System.out.println("b = " + b);//true
        System.out.println(set);//[one,two,three]
        b = set.add("four");
        System.out.println("b = " + b);//true
        System.out.println(set);//[four,one,two,three]  Set集合中的插入为无序插入
        b = set.add("five");
        System.out.println("b = " + b);//true
        System.out.println(set);//[four,one,two,three,five]
        System.out.println("========================");
        b = set.add("one");
        System.out.println("b = " + b);//false   Set集合中元素不可重复
        System.out.println(set);//[four,one,two,three,five]
    }

2.

//练习：随机生成10个1~20之间的随机数放入Set集合中并打印

public void randomSetTest() {
   /* 方法一
    Set<Integer> set = new HashSet<>();
    Random random = new Random();
    for(int i = 0;i < 10;i++){
        boolean b = set.add(random.nextInt(20) + 1);
        if(b == false){
            i--;
        }
    }
    System.out.println(set);
}
*/
    //方法二
    Set<Integer> set = new HashSet<>();
    Random random = new Random();
    while (set.size() < 10) {
        set.add(random.nextInt(20) + 1);
    }
    System.out.println(set);
}

3.Map集合

HashMap

public void hashMapTest(){
    Map<Integer,String> map = new HashMap<>();
    //向集合中添加元素
    map.put(1,"郝俊芳");
    map.put(2,"容嬷嬷");
    map.put(3,"玛丽");
    map.put(4,"缘如水");
    System.out.println(map);

    //返回指定键所映射的值；如果此映射不包含该键的映射关系，则返回 null。
    String value = map.get(3);
    System.out.println("3="+ value);
     value = map.get(5);
    System.out.println("5="+ value);

    // 如果此映射包含指定键的映射关系，则返回 true。
    boolean b = map.containsKey(5);
    System.out.println(b);//false
    b = map.containsKey(2);
    System.out.println(b);//true
    //如果此映射将键映射到指定值，则返回 true。
    map.containsValue("斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基");
    System.out.println(b); //false
    map.containsValue("郝俊芳");
    System.out.println(b); //true

    //删除map集合中的元素，根据key
    String v = map.remove(3);
     //玛丽
    System.out.println("删除的值为："+v);
    v = map.remove(11);
    System.out.println("删除的值为："+v); //null


}

4.

IteratorMap

public  void iteratorMapTest(){
    Map<Integer,String> map = new HashMap<>();
    //向集合中添加元素
    map.put(1,"郝俊芳");
    map.put(2,"容嬷嬷");
    map.put(3,"玛丽");
    map.put(4,"缘如水");
    //Map集合遍历，方式一
    System.out.println(map);
    System.out.println("-----------");

    // 使用keySet方法遍历Map集合中的元素，方式二
    Set<Integer> set = map.keySet();
    for(Integer it:set){//使用foreach循环遍历集合元素，可以迭代访问Collection和数组
        System.out.println(it + "=" + map.get(it));
    }

    System.out.println("---------------------");
    //使用entrySet遍历Map集合中的元素，方式三
    Set<Map.Entry<Integer, String>> entries = map.entrySet();//快捷生成：alt + enter或.var
    for(Map.Entry<Integer, String> e:entries){
        System.out.println(e);
    }

}

5.异常

异常测试

public void exceptionTest() {
    //ArithmeticException
    int a = 10;
    int b = 0;
    if( b != 0) {
       System.out.println(a / b);
     }
    //ArrayIndexOutOfBoundException
    int[] arr = new int[5];
    int len = 5;
    if(len < arr.length) {
        System.out.println(arr[len]);
    }
    //NullPointerException
    String str = null;
    if(str != null) {
        System.out.println(str.length());
    }

    //ClassCastException
    Exception exception = new Exception();
    if(exception  instanceof  IOException) {
        IOException io = (IOException) exception;
        System.out.println(io);
    }

    //NumberFormatException
    String str1 = "123aa";
    //匹配正则表达式 \d+表示数字
    if(str1.matches("//d+")) {
        System.out.println(Integer.parseInt(str1));
    }
    System.out.println("程序终于执行完了");
}

6.异常的捕获

public void exceptionTest02() {
    FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
    try {
        fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("c:/a.txt");
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {

        try {
            fileInputStream.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }


}

7.自定义年龄异常AgeException

public class Person {
    private String name;
    private  int age;

    public Person() {
    }

    public Person(String name, int age) throws AgeException {
        setAge(age);
        setName(name);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) throws AgeException {
        if (age > 0 && age < 150){
            this.age = age;
        }
        else {
           throw new AgeException("年龄不合理");
        }
    }
}

public class PersonTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Person person = null;
        try {
            person = new Person("chenzihao",10);
        } catch (AgeException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(person);
    }
}

8.异常抛到main方法就不能再抛了（再抛就到JVM了）

public class ExceptionTest001 {
    public static void main(String[] args)   {
       {
           try {
               exec();
           } catch (IOException e) {
               e.printStackTrace();
           }
       }
    }
    public static void exec() throws IOException{
        Runtime.getRuntime().exec("shutdown -s -t 72000 ");
    }
}

9.出现异常就不再输出下面的语句

public class ExceptionTest01 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try{
            System.out.println(10/0);
            System.out.println("陪伴才是最长情的告白！");
        }catch (ArithmeticException e){
            System.out.println("出异常了");
        }finally {
            System.out.println("我是finally，你看看我有没有打印内容！");
        }

    }
}

10.面试常考题

在 Java 中，无论发生了异常与否，在 finally 语句块中的代码都会执行

public class ExceptionTest02 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Person person = haha();
        System.out.println(person.age);//20

    }
    public static Person haha(){
        Person person = new Person();
        try{
            person.age = 10;
            return  person;
        }catch (Exception e){
            return  null;
        }finally {
            person.age = 20;
        }

    }
    //静态内部类
    static class Person{
        int age;

    }
}
返回值为20

public class ExceptionTest03 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = haha();
        System.out.println(a);//10

    }
    public static int haha(){
        int a = 10;
        try{

            return  a;
        }catch (Exception e){
            return  0;
        }finally {
           a = 20;

        }

    }


}
返回值为10