js数组常用方法

一、数组与字符串相互转化

例如：数组[1,2,3] 与 字符串“123” 。可以把数组视为分隔开的字符串，而字符串是合并后的数组

1.join

join("符号")  数组—>字符串

join有合并、加入的意思，所以是把分割开的数组合并为字符串

let arr = [1,2,3]
let result = arr.join("&") //1&2&3
console.log(arr)           //[1,2,3]

2.split 

split("符号")  字符串—>数组

split有分裂的意思，所以是把字符串分割为数组

let str = "12&3&45"

str.split("") //["1","2","&","3","&","4","5"]

str.split("&") //["12","3","45"]

二、数组内部增与删

1.对尾部增与删

(1)push

在数组尾部追加一个元素，返回改变后的数组长度！

let arr = [1,2,3]

console.log(arr.push(4))    //4
console.log(arr)            //[1,2,3,4]

(2)pop

在数组尾部去除最后一个元素，返回被删除的那个元素！

let arr = [1,2,3]

console.log(arr.pop())    //3
console.log(arr)          //[1,2]

2.对头部增与删

(1)unshift

在数组头部追加一个元素，返回改变后的数组长度！

let arr = [1,2,3]

console.log(arr.unshift(0))    //4
console.log(arr)               //[0,1,2,3]

(2)shift

在数组头部去除第一个元素，返回被删除的那个元素！

let arr = [1,2,3]

console.log(arr.shift())    //1
console.log(arr)            //[2,3]

三、对整体操作

1.反转 reverse

let arr = [1,2,3]

console.log(arr.reverse())   //[3,2,1]
console.log(arr)             //[3,2,1]

2.排序 sort

let arr = [1,5,3]

let res = arr.sort(
    (a,b)=>{return a-b}
)                            //升序[1,3,5]

let res = arr.sort(
    (a,b)=>{return b-a}
)                            //降序[5,3,1]

3.连接 concat

不更改原数组！

let arr1 = [1,2,3]
let arr2 = [4,5]

console.log(arr1.concat(arr2));    //[1,2,3,4,5]
console.log(arr1);                 //[1,2,3]
console.log(arr2);                 //[4,5]
  

四、相似的slice和splice

1.slice 截取数组

不更改原数组！

array.slice(开始下标，结束下标)      左开右闭

let arr = [1,2,3,4,5]
 
console.log(arr.slice(1,4));    //[2,3,4]
console.log(arr);               //[1,2,3,4,5]

2.splice 删除数组

更改原数组！

array.splice(开始下标，操作元素个数，替换内容)

let arr = [1,2,3,4,5]
  
console.log(arr.splice(1,2,"替换的内容"));    //[2,3]
console.log(arr);                            //[1,"替换的内容",4,5]