day01 STM32串口实验

USART在单片机学习中，是一个非常重要的知识点，在以后的WiFi、蓝牙驱动中经常使用，本文主要讲解代码的使用，应用范围可以详见百度百科或者正点以及野火的课程，如有不足之处，请指正

1、使能GPIO时钟以及USART时钟

RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1,ENABLE);

2、GPIO初始化，这块需要初始化两个GPIO口，TX:GPIO_Mode_AF_PP(复用推挽输出)，RX:GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING(浮空输入)

    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin=GPIO_Pin_9;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed=GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode=GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;	    
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure); 
	
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin=GPIO_Pin_10;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode=GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;		 
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure); 

3、USART初始化，需要设置波特率，字长，停止位，奇偶校验位，硬件流，模式等

注：以上参数需设置与通讯设备一致，如果开启中断需设置NVIC

    USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 115200;//波特率
	USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;//字长
	USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;//停止位
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;//奇偶校验位，一般设置为无，需与通讯设备保持一致
	USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;//硬件流
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;	//模式
	USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure); //初始化以上参数
	
	USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);  //使能串口1
	USART_ClearFlag(USART1, USART_FLAG_TC);	
	USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);//开启中断

4、设置NVIC

    NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
    NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_0);//选择优先级组
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;//中断通道
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority=3;//抢占优先级
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority =3;		//子优先级
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;		//使能中断
	NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);	//初始化以上参数

5、配置中断函数

void USART1_IRQHandler(void)                
{
	u8 r;
	if(USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) != RESET)  //检测是否有数据
	{
		r =USART_ReceiveData(USART1);//存储接收到的数据
		USART_SendData(USART1,r);//发送出去
		while(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1,USART_FLAG_TC) != SET);
	} 
	USART_ClearFlag(USART1,USART_FLAG_TC);
} 	

6、全部代码 

void USART1_Init(void)
{
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
	USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
	NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
	
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1,ENABLE);
 
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin=GPIO_Pin_9;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed=GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode=GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;	    
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure); 
	
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin=GPIO_Pin_10;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode=GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;		 
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure); 
	
	USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 115200;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;	
	USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure); 
	
	USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);  
	USART_ClearFlag(USART1, USART_FLAG_TC);	
	USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);
	
	NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_0);
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority=3;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority =3;		
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;		
	NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);	
}


void USART1_IRQHandler(void)                
{
	u8 r;
	if(USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) != RESET)  
	{
		r =USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
		USART_SendData(USART1,r);
		while(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1,USART_FLAG_TC) != SET);
	} 
	USART_ClearFlag(USART1,USART_FLAG_TC);
}