数组表达式运算符主要用于文档中数组的操作,本篇我们主要介绍数据上的转换,数组转换成对象,对象转换成数组,下面我们进行详细的介绍:
一、数组转对象($arrayToObject)
如果想把一个数组转换成一个对象,数组需满足下面其中一个条件:
(1)这个数组是一个二维数组,数组中的元素必须是一个由两个元素组成的数组,第一个元素是对象的字段名称,第二个元素是对象的字段值;
例如:[[ "name", "张三" ], [ "age", 10 ]]
转换成{ "name": "张三", "age": 10 }
(2)数组是一个对象数组,对象中包含了k和v两个字段,其中k用于存储字段名称,v用于存储字段值
例如:[{ "k": "name", "v": "张三" }, { "k": "age", "v": 10 }]
转换成 { "name": "张三", "age": 10 }
语法:{ $arrayToObject: <expression> }
数组转换成对象
1、准备工作
初始化成员数据
db.persons.insertMany([
{ "_id" : "1001", "name" : "张三", "age" : 20, "dept" : [ { "k" : "no", "v" : 1 }, { "k" : "dept", "v" : "财务部门" } ] },
{ "_id" : "1002", "name" : "李四", "age" : 22, "dept" : [ { "k" : "no", "v" : 2 }, { "k" : "dept", "v" : "研发部门" } ] },
{ "_id" : "1003", "name" : "王五", "age" : 30, "dept" : [ { "k" : "no", "v" : 2 }, { "k" : "dept", "v" : "研发部门" } ] }
])
2、示例
例子:部门转换成对象
db.persons.aggregate([
{
$project: {
"name": 1,
"dept": { $arrayToObject: "$dept" }
}
}
])
聚合查询的结果如下:
{ "_id" : "1001", "name" : "张三", "dept" : { "no" : 1, "dept" : "财务部门" } }
{ "_id" : "1002", "name" : "李四", "dept" : { "no" : 2, "dept" : "研发部门" } }
{ "_id" : "1003", "name" : "王五", "dept" : { "no" : 2, "dept" : "研发部门" } }
二、对象转数组($objectToArray)
语法:{ $objectToArray: <object> }
对象转换成数组
返回值是由k和v组成的对象数组,其中k代表的是字段名称,v代表的是字段值。
1、准备工作
初始化成员数据
db.persons.insertMany([
{ "_id" : "1001", "name" : "张三", "age" : 20, "dept": { "no": 1, "dept": "财务部门" } },
{ "_id" : "1002", "name" : "李四", "age" : 22, "dept": { "no": 2, "dept": "研发部门" } },
{ "_id" : "1003", "name" : "王五", "age" : 30, "dept": { "no": 2, "dept": "研发部门" } }
])
2、示例
例子:部门转换成数组
db.persons.aggregate([
{
$project: {
"name": 1,
"dept": { $objectToArray: "$dept" }
}
}
])
聚合查询的结果如下:
{ "_id" : "1001", "name" : "张三", "dept" : [ { "k" : "no", "v" : 1 }, { "k" : "dept", "v" : "财务部门" } ] }
{ "_id" : "1002", "name" : "李四", "dept" : [ { "k" : "no", "v" : 2 }, { "k" : "dept", "v" : "研发部门" } ] }
{ "_id" : "1003", "name" : "王五", "dept" : [ { "k" : "no", "v" : 2 }, { "k" : "dept", "v" : "研发部门" } ] }
三、综合案例
1、准备工作
初始化学生成绩
db.students.insertMany([
{ "_id": 1, "name": "张三", "score": { "eng": 80, "math": 70 } },
{ "_id": 2, "name": "李四", "score": { "eng": 60, "math": 90 } },
{ "_id": 3, "name": "王五", "score": { "eng": 90, "math": 50 } }
])
2、示例
例子:计算学生的总成绩
第一步:将成绩转换成数组
db.students.aggregate([
{
$set: {
"score": { $objectToArray: "$score" }
}
}
])
聚合查询的结果如下:
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "张三", "score" : [ { "k" : "eng", "v" : 80 }, { "k" : "math", "v" : 70 } ] }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "李四", "score" : [ { "k" : "eng", "v" : 60 }, { "k" : "math", "v" : 90 } ] }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "王五", "score" : [ { "k" : "eng", "v" : 90 }, { "k" : "math", "v" : 50 } ] }
第二步: 使用$score.v求和,并合并到数组中
db.students.aggregate([
{
$set: {
"score": { $objectToArray: "$score" }
}
},
{
$set: {
"score": {
$concatArrays: [
"$score",
[ { "k": "total", "v": { $sum: "$score.v" } } ]
]
}
}
}
])
聚合查询的结果如下:
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "张三", "score" : [ { "k" : "eng", "v" : 80 }, { "k" : "math", "v" : 70 }, { "k" : "total", "v" : 150 } ] }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "李四", "score" : [ { "k" : "eng", "v" : 60 }, { "k" : "math", "v" : 90 }, { "k" : "total", "v" : 150 } ] }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "王五", "score" : [ { "k" : "eng", "v" : 90 }, { "k" : "math", "v" : 50 }, { "k" : "total", "v" : 140 } ] }
第三步: 将成绩数组转换成对象
db.students.aggregate([
{
$set: {
"score": { $objectToArray: "$score" }
}
},
{
$set: {
"score": {
$concatArrays: [
"$score",
[ { "k": "total", "v": { $sum: "$score.v" } } ]
]
}
}
},
{
$set: {
"score": { $arrayToObject: "$score" }
}
}
])
聚合查询的结果如下:
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "张三", "score" : { "eng" : 80, "math" : 70, "total" : 150 } }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "李四", "score" : { "eng" : 60, "math" : 90, "total" : 150 } }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "王五", "score" : { "eng" : 90, "math" : 50, "total" : 140 } }