前面几篇我们介绍了使用Mybatis进行数据的增删改查，并且也了解了如何在Mybatis中使用JDK的日志系统打印日志；本篇我们继续介绍如何使用Mybatis提供的if,where标签动态生成条件语句。
如果您对数据的增删改查和Mybatis集成JDK日志系统不太了解，建议您先进行了解后再阅读本篇，可以参考：
Mybatis查询数据
https://blog.csdn.net/m1729339749/article/details/132469672Mybatis 日志(JDK Log)https://blog.csdn.net/m1729339749/article/details/132565362Mybatis 插入、修改、删除https://blog.csdn.net/m1729339749/article/details/132601345
一、数据准备
这里我们直接使用脚本初始化数据库中的数据
-- 如果数据库不存在则创建数据库
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS demo DEFAULT CHARSET utf8;
-- 切换数据库
USE demo;
-- 创建用户表
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS T_TEACHER(
ID INT PRIMARY KEY COMMENT '教师编号',
TEACHER_NAME VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL COMMENT '教师名称',
DEPARTMENT VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL COMMENT '所属部门',
BIRTH DATE NOT NULL COMMENT '出生年月',
DEGREE VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL COMMENT '学历(ZK:专科, BK:本科, YJS:研究生, BS:博士)'
);
-- 插入用户数据
INSERT INTO T_TEACHER(ID, TEACHER_NAME, DEPARTMENT, BIRTH, DEGREE)
VALUES(1, '张三1', '001', '1990-06-12', 'BK'),
(2, '李四1', '002', '1992-05-10', 'BK'),
(3, '张三2', '003', '1988-01-15', 'YJS'),
(4, '李四2', '001', '1979-03-10', 'BK'),
(5, '李四3', '003', '1995-08-16', 'YJS');
创建了一个名称为demo的数据库；并在库里创建了名称为T_TEACHER的教师表并向表中插入了数据
二、环境搭建
1、创建实体类
在cn.horse.demo下创建TeacherInfo实体类：
TeacherInfo类：
package cn.horse.demo;
import java.time.LocalDate;
public class TeacherInfo {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private String department;
private LocalDate birth;
private String degree;
@Override
public String toString() {
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
stringBuilder.append("{ ");
stringBuilder.append("id: ");
stringBuilder.append(this.id);
stringBuilder.append(", ");
stringBuilder.append("name: ");
stringBuilder.append(this.name);
stringBuilder.append(", ");
stringBuilder.append("department: ");
stringBuilder.append(this.department);
stringBuilder.append(", ");
stringBuilder.append("birth: ");
stringBuilder.append(this.birth);
stringBuilder.append(", ");
stringBuilder.append("degree: ");
stringBuilder.append(this.degree);
stringBuilder.append(" }");
return stringBuilder.toString();
}
}
2、Mapper配置文件
在resources的目录下新建TeacherInfoMapper.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="cn.horse.demo.TeacherInfoMapper">
<select id="findAll" resultType="cn.horse.demo.TeacherInfo">
SELECT
ID,
TEACHER_NAME name,
DEPARTMENT,
BIRTH,
DEGREE
FROM T_TEACHER
</select>
</mapper>
3、引入配置文件
在resources下新建mybatis-config.xml配置文件，并引入TeacherInfoMapper.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<settings>
<setting name="logImpl" value="JDK_LOGGING"/>
</settings>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo?useUnicode=true&useSSL=false&characterEncoding=utf8"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="horse"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<mapper resource="demo/TeacherInfoMapper.xml" />
</mappers>
</configuration>
4、会话工具类
在cn.horse.demo包下新建SqlSessionUtils工具类
package cn.horse.demo;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Objects;
public class SqlSessionUtils {
private static final SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
static {
// 读取mybatis配置文件
InputStream inputStream = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
// 根据配置创建SqlSession工厂
sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder()
.build(inputStream);
}
/**
* 开启会话
* @return
*/
public static SqlSession openSession() {
return sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
}
/**
* 关闭会话
* @param sqlSession
*/
public static void closeSession(SqlSession sqlSession) {
if(Objects.nonNull(sqlSession)) {
sqlSession.close();
}
}
}
5、JDK 日志系统配置
在resources的目录下新建logging.properties配置文件
handlers=java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler
.level=INFO
cn.horse.demo.TeacherInfoMapper.level=FINER
java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.level=ALL
java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.formatter=java.util.logging.SimpleFormatter
java.util.logging.SimpleFormatter.format=%1$tY-%1$tm-%1$td %1$tT.%1$tL %4$s %3$s - %5$s%6$s%n
在cn.horse.demo下新建JdkLogConfig类：
JdkLogConfig类：
package cn.horse.demo;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.logging.LogManager;
public class JdkLogConfig {
public JdkLogConfig() {
try {
InputStream inputStream = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("logging.properties");
LogManager.getLogManager().readConfiguration(inputStream);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
6、启动程序
package cn.horse.demo;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import java.util.List;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 引入JDK日志配置
System.setProperty("java.util.logging.config.class", "cn.horse.demo.JdkLogConfig");
// 查询所有教师
findAll("cn.horse.demo.TeacherInfoMapper.findAll", null);
}
private static void findAll(String statement, TeacherInfoQuery query) {
SqlSession sqlSession = null;
try {
sqlSession = SqlSessionUtils.openSession();
List<TeacherInfo> teacherInfoList = sqlSession.selectList(statement, query);
for (TeacherInfo teacherInfo: teacherInfoList) {
System.out.println(teacherInfo);
}
} finally {
SqlSessionUtils.closeSession(sqlSession);
}
}
}
执行后的结果如下：
三、例子：查询学历为本科，部门为001的教师
在TeacherInfoMapper.xml配置文件中新增findByQuery查询语句：
<select id="findByQuery" parameterType="cn.horse.demo.TeacherInfoQuery" resultType="cn.horse.demo.TeacherInfo">
SELECT
ID,
TEACHER_NAME name,
DEPARTMENT,
BIRTH,
DEGREE
FROM T_TEACHER
WHERE DEGREE = #{degree}
AND DEPARTMENT = #{department}
</select>
测试：
// 引入JDK日志配置
System.setProperty("java.util.logging.config.class", "cn.horse.demo.JdkLogConfig");
TeacherInfoQuery query = new TeacherInfoQuery();
query.setDegree("BK");
query.setDepartment("001");
findAll("cn.horse.demo.TeacherInfoMapper.findByQuery", query);
执行后的结果如下：
四、使用 if 标签避免SQL冗余
这里如果我们需要只查询学历为本科的教师，又该如何来做呢？
如果新增加一个查询标签则会造成大量的SQL语句重复，这里使用if标签就能解决这类问题，可以根据条件动态的拼接SQL语句；
if标签是主要用于进行条件判断，常用于动态生成条件语句、更新语句；当条件满足时，会将if标签中的SQL语句片段拼接到SQL语句中；当条件不满足时，则跳过if标签中的SQL语句片段；
<select id="findByQuery" parameterType="cn.horse.demo.TeacherInfoQuery" resultType="cn.horse.demo.TeacherInfo">
SELECT
ID,
TEACHER_NAME name,
DEPARTMENT,
BIRTH,
DEGREE
FROM T_TEACHER
WHERE
<if test="null != degree and '' != degree">
AND DEGREE = #{degree}
</if>
<if test="null != department and '' != department">
AND DEPARTMENT = #{department}
</if>
</select>
if标签：test的属性值是条件，degree、department是参数，参数可以在标签的属性中直接使用;
第一个条件：degree不为null并且不为空字符串条件才成立
第二个条件：department不为null并且不为空字符串条件才成立
测试：
// 引入JDK日志配置
System.setProperty("java.util.logging.config.class", "cn.horse.demo.JdkLogConfig");
// 查询学历为本科的教师
TeacherInfoQuery query = new TeacherInfoQuery();
query.setDegree("BK");
findAll("cn.horse.demo.TeacherInfoMapper.findByQuery", query);
查询的结果如下：
结果分析：
degree值为BK, 第一个条件满足，DEGREE = #{degree}会拼接到SQL语句中；department值为null，第二个条件不满足，直接跳过；
最终只有DEGREE = #{degree}拼接到SQL语句中，同样SQL执行日志也与我们分析的结果一致。
五、使用 if 标签可能会导致的AND,WHERE问题
1、查询所有的教师
// 引入JDK日志配置
System.setProperty("java.util.logging.config.class", "cn.horse.demo.JdkLogConfig");
TeacherInfoQuery query = new TeacherInfoQuery();
findAll("cn.horse.demo.TeacherInfoMapper.findByQuery", query);
查询的结果如下：
2023-08-31 10:48:39.221 详细 cn.horse.demo.TeacherInfoMapper.findByQuery - ==> Preparing: SELECT ID, TEACHER_NAME name, DEPARTMENT, BIRTH, DEGREE FROM T_TEACHER WHERE
2023-08-31 10:48:39.266 详细 cn.horse.demo.TeacherInfoMapper.findByQuery - ==> Parameters:
Exception in thread "main" org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.PersistenceException:
### Error querying database. Cause: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '' at line 8
### The error may exist in demo/TeacherInfoMapper.xml
### The error may involve cn.horse.demo.TeacherInfoMapper.findByQuery-Inline
### The error occurred while setting parameters
### SQL: SELECT ID, TEACHER_NAME name, DEPARTMENT, BIRTH, DEGREE FROM T_TEACHER WHERE
### Cause: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '' at line 8
at org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.wrapException(ExceptionFactory.java:30)
at org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession.selectList(DefaultSqlSession.java:150)
at org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession.selectList(DefaultSqlSession.java:141)
at cn.horse.demo.Main.findAll(Main.java:45)
at cn.horse.demo.Main.main(Main.java:32)
Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '' at line 8
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:77)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstanceWithCaller(Constructor.java:499)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:480)
at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:403)
at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.getInstance(Util.java:386)
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:944)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3933)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3869)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sendCommand(MysqlIO.java:2524)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sqlQueryDirect(MysqlIO.java:2675)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2465)
at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeInternal(PreparedStatement.java:1915)
at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.execute(PreparedStatement.java:1254)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:77)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:568)
at org.apache.ibatis.logging.jdbc.PreparedStatementLogger.invoke(PreparedStatementLogger.java:59)
at jdk.proxy3/jdk.proxy3.$Proxy3.execute(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.ibatis.executor.statement.PreparedStatementHandler.query(PreparedStatementHandler.java:63)
at org.apache.ibatis.executor.statement.RoutingStatementHandler.query(RoutingStatementHandler.java:79)
at org.apache.ibatis.executor.SimpleExecutor.doQuery(SimpleExecutor.java:63)
at org.apache.ibatis.executor.BaseExecutor.queryFromDatabase(BaseExecutor.java:324)
at org.apache.ibatis.executor.BaseExecutor.query(BaseExecutor.java:156)
at org.apache.ibatis.executor.CachingExecutor.query(CachingExecutor.java:109)
at org.apache.ibatis.executor.CachingExecutor.query(CachingExecutor.java:83)
at org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession.selectList(DefaultSqlSession.java:148)
... 3 more
结果分析：
degree值为null, 第一个条件不满足，直接跳过；
department值为null，第一个条件不满足，直接跳过；
最终拼装好的SQL语句会变成
SELECT ID, TEACHER_NAME name, DEPARTMENT, BIRTH, DEGREE FROM T_TEACHER WHERE多了一个WHERE，与报错的信息一致。
2、查询部门为001的教师
// 引入JDK日志配置
System.setProperty("java.util.logging.config.class", "cn.horse.demo.JdkLogConfig");
// 查询部门为001的教师
TeacherInfoQuery query = new TeacherInfoQuery();
query.setDepartment("001");
findAll("cn.horse.demo.TeacherInfoMapper.findByQuery", query);
查询的结果如下：
2023-08-30 22:27:12.164 详细 cn.horse.demo.TeacherInfoMapper.findByQuery - ==> Preparing: SELECT ID, TEACHER_NAME name, DEPARTMENT, BIRTH, DEGREE FROM T_TEACHER WHERE AND DEPARTMENT = ?
2023-08-30 22:27:12.220 详细 cn.horse.demo.TeacherInfoMapper.findByQuery - ==> Parameters: 001(String)
Exception in thread "main" org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.PersistenceException:
### Error querying database. Cause: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'AND DEPARTMENT = '001'' at line 11
### The error may exist in demo/TeacherInfoMapper.xml
### The error may involve cn.horse.demo.TeacherInfoMapper.findByQuery-Inline
### The error occurred while setting parameters
### SQL: SELECT ID, TEACHER_NAME name, DEPARTMENT, BIRTH, DEGREE FROM T_TEACHER WHERE AND DEPARTMENT = ?
### Cause: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'AND DEPARTMENT = '001'' at line 11
at org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.wrapException(ExceptionFactory.java:30)
at org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession.selectList(DefaultSqlSession.java:150)
at org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession.selectList(DefaultSqlSession.java:141)
at cn.horse.demo.Main.findAll(Main.java:39)
at cn.horse.demo.Main.main(Main.java:32)
Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'AND DEPARTMENT = '001'' at line 11
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:77)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstanceWithCaller(Constructor.java:499)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:480)
at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:403)
at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.getInstance(Util.java:386)
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:944)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3933)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3869)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sendCommand(MysqlIO.java:2524)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sqlQueryDirect(MysqlIO.java:2675)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2465)
at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeInternal(PreparedStatement.java:1915)
at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.execute(PreparedStatement.java:1254)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:77)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:568)
at org.apache.ibatis.logging.jdbc.PreparedStatementLogger.invoke(PreparedStatementLogger.java:59)
at jdk.proxy3/jdk.proxy3.$Proxy3.execute(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.ibatis.executor.statement.PreparedStatementHandler.query(PreparedStatementHandler.java:63)
at org.apache.ibatis.executor.statement.RoutingStatementHandler.query(RoutingStatementHandler.java:79)
at org.apache.ibatis.executor.SimpleExecutor.doQuery(SimpleExecutor.java:63)
at org.apache.ibatis.executor.BaseExecutor.queryFromDatabase(BaseExecutor.java:324)
at org.apache.ibatis.executor.BaseExecutor.query(BaseExecutor.java:156)
at org.apache.ibatis.executor.CachingExecutor.query(CachingExecutor.java:109)
at org.apache.ibatis.executor.CachingExecutor.query(CachingExecutor.java:83)
at org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession.selectList(DefaultSqlSession.java:148)
... 3 more
结果分析：
degree值为null, 第一个条件不满足，直接跳过；
department值为001，第二个条件满足，AND DEPARTMENT = #{department}会拼接到SQL语句中；
最终只有AND DEPARTMENT = #{department}拼接到SQL语句中，最终拼装好的SQL语句会变成
SELECT ID, TEACHER_NAME name, DEPARTMENT, BIRTH, DEGREE FROM T_TEACHER WHERE AND DEPARTMENT = #{department}多了一个AND，与报错的信息一致。
六、使用恒等式解决AND,WHERE问题
在WHERE后面增加恒等式1=1
<select id="findByQuery" parameterType="cn.horse.demo.TeacherInfoQuery" resultType="cn.horse.demo.TeacherInfo">
SELECT
ID,
TEACHER_NAME name,
DEPARTMENT,
BIRTH,
DEGREE
FROM T_TEACHER
WHERE 1 = 1
<if test="null != degree and '' != degree">
AND DEGREE = #{degree}
</if>
<if test="null != department and '' != department">
AND DEPARTMENT = #{department}
</if>
</select>
1、查询所有的教师
// 引入JDK日志配置
System.setProperty("java.util.logging.config.class", "cn.horse.demo.JdkLogConfig");
TeacherInfoQuery query = new TeacherInfoQuery();
findAll("cn.horse.demo.TeacherInfoMapper.findByQuery", query);
查询的结果如下：
2、查询部门为001的教师
// 引入JDK日志配置
System.setProperty("java.util.logging.config.class", "cn.horse.demo.JdkLogConfig");
// 查询部门为001的教师
TeacherInfoQuery query = new TeacherInfoQuery();
query.setDepartment("001");
findAll("cn.horse.demo.TeacherInfoMapper.findByQuery", query);
查询的结果如下：
3、查询学历为本科的教师
// 引入JDK日志配置
System.setProperty("java.util.logging.config.class", "cn.horse.demo.JdkLogConfig");
// 查询学历为本科的教师
TeacherInfoQuery query = new TeacherInfoQuery();
query.setDegree("BK");
findAll("cn.horse.demo.TeacherInfoMapper.findByQuery", query);
查询的结果如下：
七、使用where标签解决AND,WHERE问题
where标签有两个作用：
（1）判断是否存在条件，如果条件不存在，则不再拼接where；如果条件存在，则拼接where
（2）剔除where后面多余的AND或OR
<select id="findByQuery" parameterType="cn.horse.demo.TeacherInfoQuery" resultType="cn.horse.demo.TeacherInfo">
SELECT
ID,
TEACHER_NAME name,
DEPARTMENT,
BIRTH,
DEGREE
FROM T_TEACHER
<where>
<if test="null != degree and '' != degree">
AND DEGREE = #{degree}
</if>
<if test="null != department and '' != department">
AND DEPARTMENT = #{department}
</if>
</where>
</select>
1、查询所有的教师
// 引入JDK日志配置
System.setProperty("java.util.logging.config.class", "cn.horse.demo.JdkLogConfig");
TeacherInfoQuery query = new TeacherInfoQuery();
findAll("cn.horse.demo.TeacherInfoMapper.findByQuery", query);
查询的结果如下：
2、查询部门为001的教师
// 引入JDK日志配置
System.setProperty("java.util.logging.config.class", "cn.horse.demo.JdkLogConfig");
// 查询部门为001的教师
TeacherInfoQuery query = new TeacherInfoQuery();
query.setDepartment("001");
findAll("cn.horse.demo.TeacherInfoMapper.findByQuery", query);
查询的结果如下：
3、查询学历为本科的教师
// 引入JDK日志配置
System.setProperty("java.util.logging.config.class", "cn.horse.demo.JdkLogConfig");
// 查询学历为本科的教师
TeacherInfoQuery query = new TeacherInfoQuery();
query.setDegree("BK");
findAll("cn.horse.demo.TeacherInfoMapper.findByQuery", query);
查询的结果如下：
1万+
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
