使用DBUtils提供的功能需要使用commons-dbutils-1.6.jar这个JAR包,在Apache官网可以下载到
使用DBUtils进行更新操
测试QueryRunner类的update方法 ,该方法可用于insert,update,delete操作
具体代码实现
@Test
public void testQuertRunnerUpdate() {
// 1.创建QueryRunner的实现类
String sql = "delete from customers" + " where id in (?,?)";
Connection connection = null;
try {
connection = JDBCTools.getConnection();
queryRunner.update(connection, sql, 3, 4);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JDBCTools.release(null, null, connection);
}
}
我们可以查看一下update方法的源码,可以看到是调用的是重载形式的update:
conn:数据库连接
sql:SQL语句
params:填充占位符的参数
public int update(Connection conn, String sql, Object... params) throws SQLException {
return update(conn, false, sql, params);
}
看具体实现代码:
private int update(Connection conn, boolean closeConn, String sql, Object... params) throws SQLException {
if (conn == null) {
throw new SQLException("Null connection");
}
if (sql == null) {
if (closeConn) {
close(conn);
}
throw new SQLException("Null SQL statement");
}
//封装使用的是PreparedStatement
PreparedStatement stmt = null;
int rows = 0;
try {
stmt = this.prepareStatement(conn, sql);
//填充占位符的操作
this.fillStatement(stmt, params);
//执行更新操作
rows = stmt.executeUpdate();
} catch (SQLException e) {
this.rethrow(e, sql, params);
} finally {
close(stmt);
if (closeConn) {
close(conn);
}
}
return rows;
}
可以看到QueryRunner中封装的都是我们所熟悉的基本操作,测试我们的testQuertRunnerUpdate方法,可以发现对应id为3,4的记录已经被删除
测试QueryRunner的查询方法query
// 因为是线程安全的,所以queryRunner可以放到这个位置
QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();
class MyResultSetHandler implements ResultSetHandler {
@Override
public Object handle(ResultSet resultSet) throws SQLException {
List<Customer> customers = new ArrayList<Customer>();
while (resultSet.next()) {
int id = resultSet.getInt(1);
String name = resultSet.getString(2);
String email = resultSet.getString(3);
Date birth = resultSet.getDate(4);
Customer customer = new Customer(id, name, email, birth);
customers.add(customer);
}
return customers;
}
}
@Test
public void testQuery() {
QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();
Connection connection = null;
try {
connection = JDBCTools.getConnection();
String sql = "select id,name,email,birth" + " from customers";
Object obj = queryRunner.query(connection, sql,
new MyResultSetHandler());
System.out.println(obj);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JDBCTools.release(null, null, connection);
}
}
运行方法可以看到我们要查询的结果:
[Customer [id=1, name=ATGUIGU, email=simale@163.com, birth=2016-05-08], Customer [id=2, name=ABCDE, email=abcd@guigu.com, birth=2016-05-08], Customer [id=5, name=dsv, email=474405914@qq.com, birth=2016-05-10]]
我们查看一下query方法的源码
private <T> T query(Connection conn, boolean closeConn, String sql, ResultSetHandler<T> rsh, Object... params)
throws SQLException {
if (conn == null) {
throw new SQLException("Null connection");
}
if (sql == null) {
if (closeConn) {
close(conn);
}
throw new SQLException("Null SQL statement");
}
if (rsh == null) {
if (closeConn) {
close(conn);
}
throw new SQLException("Null ResultSetHandler");
}
PreparedStatement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
T result = null;
try {
stmt = this.prepareStatement(conn, sql);
this.fillStatement(stmt, params);
rs = this.wrap(stmt.executeQuery());
result = rsh.handle(rs);
} catch (SQLException e) {
this.rethrow(e, sql, params);
} finally {
try {
close(rs);
} finally {
close(stmt);
if (closeConn) {
close(conn);
}
}
}
return result;
}
其中最关键的是这四个语句:
stmt = this.prepareStatement(conn, sql);
this.fillStatement(stmt, params);
rs = this.wrap(stmt.executeQuery());
result = rsh.handle(rs);
测试DBUtils工具类 QueryRunner:
* query(Connection conn,String sql,ResultSetHandler rsh){
* 这三个步骤就是为了得到结果集
* stmt = this.prepareStatement(conn, sql);
* this.fillStatement(stmt, params);
* rs = this.wrap(stmt.executeQuery());
* 调用传入的ResultSetHandler对象的handle方法,并且把前面得到的ResultSet对象作为参数传入
* result =rsh.handle(rs);
* 把result作为结果返回
* return result
* }
测试BeanHandler的用法
BeanHandler:把结果集的第一条记录转为创建BeanHandler 对象时传入的Class参数对应的对象。
具体测试代码:
public void testBeanHandler() {
Connection connection = null;
try {
connection = JDBCTools.getConnection();
String sql = "select id,name,email,birth"
+ " from customers where id=?";
Customer customer = queryRunner.query(connection, sql,
new BeanHandler(Customer.class), 5);
System.out.println(customer);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JDBCTools.release(null, null, connection);
}
}
查看源码可以看到query函数中用到的handler函数实现的功能是这样的
1 @Override
2 public T handle(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException {
3 return rs.next() ? this.convert.toBean(rs, this.type) : null;
4 }
实现的功能是把结果集的第一条记录转为创建BeanHandler 对象时传入的Class参数对应的对象。
其中的toBean方法的实现方式:(多看源码吧,有点乱了)
public <T> T toBean(ResultSet rs, Class<T> type) throws SQLException {
PropertyDescriptor[] props = this.propertyDescriptors(type);
ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData();
int[] columnToProperty = this.mapColumnsToProperties(rsmd, props);
return this.createBean(rs, type, props, columnToProperty);
}
测试BeanListHandler的用法
和前面那个差不多,只不过将查询的结果放到了一个List容器中了
@Test
public void testBeanListHandler() {
Connection connection = null;
try {
connection = JDBCTools.getConnection();
String sql = "select id,name,email,birth" + " from customers";
List<Customer> customers = queryRunner.query(connection, sql,
new BeanListHandler(Customer.class));
System.out.println(customers);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JDBCTools.release(null, null, connection);
}
}
运行结果:
[Customer [id=1, name=ATGUIGU, email=simale@163.com, birth=2016-05-08], Customer [id=2, name=ABCDE, email=abcd@guigu.com, birth=2016-05-08], Customer [id=5, name=dsv, email=474405914@qq.com, birth=2016-05-10]]
测试MapHandler的用法
MapHandler:返回SQL对应的第一条记录对应的Map对象 键:SQL查询的列名(不是列别名) 值:列的值
@Test
public void testMapHandler() {
Connection connection = null;
try {
connection = JDBCTools.getConnection();
String sql = "select id,name,email,birth" + " from customers";
Map<String, Object> result = queryRunner.query(connection, sql,
new MapHandler());
System.out.println(result);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JDBCTools.release(null, null, connection);
}
}
运行结果:
{id=1, name=ATGUIGU, email=simale@163.com, birth=2016-05-08}
测试ScalarHandler的用法
ScalarHandle:把结果集转为一个数值(可以是任意基本数据类型和字符串,Date等)返回
@Test
public void testScalarHandler() {
Connection connection = null;
try {
connection = JDBCTools.getConnection();
String sql = "select count(id) from customers";
Object result = queryRunner.query(connection, sql,
new ScalarHandler());
System.out.println(result);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JDBCTools.release(null, null, connection);
}
}
运行结果:3
至此为止我们学习了JDBC中常用的一些知识点,下面我们就使用DBUtils编写通用的DAO(DAO其实就是封装了操作数据库数据的一些方法的接口)
使用DButils编写通用的DAO
第一步:先写一个访问数据的DAO接口
package com.atguigu.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 访问数据的DAO接口
* 里面定义好访问数据表的各种方法
* @author Administrator
* @param T:DAO处理的实体类的类型
*/
public interface DAO {
/**
* 批量处理的方法
* @param connection
* @param sql
* @param args:填充占位符的Object[]类型的可变参数
*/
void batch(Connection connection,
String sql,Object[] ...args);
/**
* 返回一个具体的一个值,例如总人数,平均工资
* 某一个认得email
* @param connection
* @param sql
* @param args
* @return
*/
<E> E getForValue(Connection connection,
String sql, Object ...args);
/**
* 返回T的一个集合
* @param <T>
* @param connection
* @param sql
* @param args
* @return
*/
<T> List<T> getForList(Connection connection,
String sql,Object ...args);
/**
* 返回一个T的对象
* @param <T>
* @param connection
* @param sql
* @param args
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
<T> T get(Connection connection,String sql,Object ...args) throws Exception;
/**
*
* @param connection:数据库连接
* @param sql:SQL语句
* @param args:填充占位符的可变参数
*/
void update(Connection connection,String sql,Object ...args);
}
第二步:定义实现该接口的实例类JdbcDAOImpl
package com.atguigu.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;
/**
* 使用QueryRunner提供其具体的实现
* @author Administrator
*
* @param <T>:子类需传入的泛型类型
*/
public class JdbcDAOImpl<T> implements DAO {
private QueryRunner queryRunner=null;
private Class<T> type;
public JdbcDAOImpl() {
queryRunner=new QueryRunner();
type= (Class<T>) ReflectionUtils.getGenericSuperClass(getClass(),0);
}
@Override
public void batch(Connection connection, String sql, Object[]... args) {
}
@Override
public <E> E getForValue(Connection connection, String sql, Object... args) {
return null;
}
@Override
public List<T> getForList(Connection connection, String sql,
Object... args) {
return null;
}
@Override
public T get(Connection connection, String sql, Object... args) throws Exception {
return queryRunner.query(connection, sql,
new BeanHandler<>(type),args);
}
@Override
public void update(Connection connection, String sql, Object... args) {
}
}
第三步:定义一个具体操作的类继承自JdbcDAOImpl
1 package com.atguigu.jdbc;
2
3 public class CustomerDAO extends JdbcDAOImpl<Customer>{
4
5 }
第四步:我们测试一下我们已经实现的get方法,其他的方法实现过程类似
package com.atguigu.jdbc;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import java.sql.Connection;
import org.junit.Test;
public class CustomerDaoTest {
CustomerDAO customerDAO=new CustomerDAO();
@Test
public void testBatch() {
fail("Not yet implemented");
}
@Test
public void testGetForValue() {
fail("Not yet implemented");
}
@Test
public void testGetForList() {
fail("Not yet implemented");
}
@Test
public void testGet() {
Connection connection=null;
try {
connection=JDBCTools.getConnection();
String sql = "select id,name,email,birth"
+ " from customers where id=?";
Customer customer=customerDAO.get(connection, sql, 5);
System.out.println(customer);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
JDBCTools.release(null, null, connection);
}
}
@Test
public void testUpdate() {
fail("Not yet implemented");
}
}
运行一下:
Customer [id=5, name=dsv, email=474405914@qq.com, birth=2016-05-10]
可以通过我们的get方法得到我们想要的数据信息