12-1
Cow.h
#ifndef COW_H_
#define COW_H_
class Cow {
char name[20];
char* hobby;
double weight;
public:
Cow();
Cow(const char* num, const char* ho, double wt);
Cow(const Cow& c);
~Cow();
Cow& operator=(const Cow& c);
void ShowCow() const;
};
#endif // !COW_H_
Cow.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "Cow.h"
#include <cstring>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
Cow::Cow()
{
name[0] = '\0';
hobby = new char[1];
hobby[0] = '\0';
weight = 0;
}
Cow::Cow(const char* nm, const char* ho, double wt)
{
strcpy_s(name, nm);
hobby = new char[std::strlen(ho) + 1];
strcpy_s(hobby, std::strlen(ho) + 1, ho);
weight = wt;
}
Cow::Cow(const Cow& c)
{
strcpy_s(name, c.name);
hobby = new char[std::strlen(c.hobby) + 1];
strcpy_s(hobby, std::strlen(c.hobby) + 1, c.hobby);
weight = c.weight;
}
Cow::~Cow()
{
delete[] hobby;
}
Cow& Cow::operator=(const Cow& c)
{
strcpy_s(name, c.name);
hobby = new char[std::strlen(c.hobby) + 1];
strcpy_s(hobby, std::strlen(c.hobby) + 1, c.hobby);
weight = c.weight;
return *this;
}
void Cow::ShowCow() const
{
cout << "name: " << name << endl;
cout << "hobby: " << hobby << endl;
cout << "weigt: " << weight << endl;
}
main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "Cow.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
Cow a;
a.ShowCow();
Cow b("Bob", "Swiming", 60.0);
b.ShowCow();
a = b;
a.ShowCow();
return 0;
}
12-2
注意重载operator+时存在不同类型，一种是String+String，另一种是char*+String
string2.h
#ifndef STRING2_H_
#define STRING2_H_
#include <iostream>
using std::istream;
using std::ostream;
class String
{
private:
char* str;
int len;
static int num_strings;
static const int CINLIM = 80;
public:
String(const char* s);
String();
String(const String&);
~String();
int length() const { return len; }
String& operator=(const String&);
String& operator=(const char*);
char& operator[](int i);
const char& operator[](int i) const;
friend bool operator<(const String& st, const String& st2);
friend bool operator>(const String& st, const String& st2);
friend bool operator==(const String& st, const String& st2);
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const String& st);
friend istream& operator>>(istream& is, String& st);
static int HowMany();
//新增部分
void stringlow();
void stringup();
int has(char c);
friend String operator+(const char* s, const String& st);
friend String operator+(const String& st1, const String& st2);
};
#endif // !STRING2_H_
string2.cpp
visual studio直接用strcpy会报错，故用strcpy_s
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include "string2.h"
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
int String::num_strings = 0;
int String::HowMany()
{
return num_strings;
}
String::String(const char* s)
{
len = std::strlen(s);
str = new char[len + 1];
strcpy_s(str, len + 1, s);
num_strings++;
}
String::String()
{
len = 4;
str = new char[1];
str[0] = '\0';
num_strings++;
}
String::String(const String& st)
{
num_strings++;
len = st.len;
str = new char[len + 1];
strcpy_s(str, len + 1, st.str);
}
String::~String()
{
--num_strings;
delete[] str;
}
String& String::operator=(const String& st)
{
if (this == &st)
return *this;
delete[] str;
len = st.len;
str = new char[len + 1];
strcpy_s(str, len + 1, st.str);
return *this;
}
String& String::operator=(const char* s)
{
delete[] str;
len = std::strlen(s);
str = new char[len + 1];
strcpy_s(str, len + 1, s);
return *this;
}
char& String::operator[](int i)
{
return str[i];
}
const char& String::operator[](int i) const
{
return str[i];
}
bool operator<(const String& st1, const String& st2)
{
return (std::strcmp(st1.str, st2.str) < 0);
}
bool operator>(const String& st1, const String& st2)
{
return st2 < st1;
}
bool operator==(const String& st1, const String& st2)
{
return (std::strcmp(st1.str, st2.str) == 0);
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const String& st)
{
os << st.str;
return os;
}
istream& operator>>(istream& is, String& st)
{
char temp[String::CINLIM];
is.get(temp, String::CINLIM);
if (is)
st = temp;
while (is && is.get() != '\n')
continue;
return is;
}
//新增部分
void String::stringlow()
{
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
str[i] = tolower(str[i]);
}
void String::stringup()
{
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
str[i] = toupper(str[i]);
}
int String::has(char c)
{
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
if (str[i] == c)
count++;
}
return count;
}
String operator+(const char* st1, const String& st2)
{
String st;
st.len = strlen(st1) + st2.len;
st = new char[st.len + 1];
for (int i = 0; i < strlen(st1); i++)
{
st[i] = st1[i];
}
for (int i = strlen(st1); i < st.len; i++)
{
st[i] = st2[i - strlen(st1)];
}
st.str[st.len] = '\0';
return st;
}
String operator+(const String& st1, const String& st2)
{
String st;
st.len = st1.len + st2.len;
st = new char[st.len + 1];
for (int i = 0; i < st1.len; i++)
{
st[i] = st1[i];
}
for (int i = st1.len; i < st.len; i++)
{
st[i] = st2[i - st1.len];
}
st.str[st.len] = '\0';
return st;
}
main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "string2.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
String s1(" and I an a C++ student.");
String s2 = "Please entr your name: ";
String s3;
cout << s2;
cin >> s3;
s2 = "My name is " + s3;
cout << s2 << ".\n";
s2 = s2 + s1;
s2.stringup();
cout << "The string\n" << s2 << "\ncontains " << s2.has('A') << " 'A' characrers n it.\n";
s1 = "red";
String rgb[3] = { String(s1),String("green"),String("blue") };
cout << "Enter the name of a primary color for mixing light: ";
String ans;
bool success = false;
while (cin >> ans)
{
ans.stringlow();
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
if (ans == rgb[i])
{
cout << "That's right !\n";
success = true;
break;
}
}
if (success)
break;
else
cout << "Try again!\n";
}
cout << "Bye\n";
return 0;
}
12-3
除了修改头文件和源文件外，主函数中的top->show()改为cout << *top，测试重载是否成功
Stock20.h
#ifndef STOCK20_H_
#define STOCK20_H_
#include <iostream>
using std::ostream;
class Stock
{
private:
char* company;
int shares;
double share_val;
double total_val;
void set_tot() { total_val = shares * share_val; }
public:
Stock();
Stock(const char* co, long n = 0, double pr = 0.0);
~Stock();
void buy(long num, double price);
void sell(long num, double price);
void update(double price);
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Stock& st);
const Stock& topval(const Stock& s) const;
};
#endif // !STOCK20_H_
Stock20.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "Stock20.h"
Stock::Stock()
{
char company[1];
company[0] = '\0';
shares = 0;
share_val = 0.0;
total_val = 0.0;
}
Stock::Stock(const char* co, long n, double pr)
{
int len = std::strlen(co);
company = new char[len + 1];
strcpy_s(company, len + 1, co);
if (n < 0)
{
std::cout << "Number of shares can't be ngative; "
<< company << " shares set to 0.\n";
shares = 0;
}
else
shares = n;
share_val = pr;
set_tot();
}
Stock::~Stock()
{
}
void Stock::buy(long num, double price)
{
if (num < 0)
{
std::cout << "Number of shares purchased can't be negative. "
<< "Transaction is aborted.\n";
}
else
{
shares += num;
share_val = price;
set_tot();
}
}
void Stock::sell(long num, double price)
{
using std::cout;
if (num < 0)
{
std::cout << "Number of shares purchased can't be negative. "
<< "Transaction is aborted.\n";
}
else
{
shares -= num;
share_val = price;
set_tot();
}
}
void Stock::update(double price)
{
share_val = price;
set_tot();
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Stock& ch)
{
using std::cout;
using std::ios_base;
ios_base::fmtflags orig =
cout.setf(ios_base::fixed, ios_base::floatfield);
std::streamsize prec = cout.precision(3);
cout << "Company: " << ch.company
<< " Shares: " << ch.shares << '\n';
cout << " Share Price: $" << ch.share_val;
cout.precision(2);
cout << " Total Worth: $" << ch.total_val << '\n';
cout.setf(orig, ios_base::floatfield);
cout.precision(prec);
return os;
}
const Stock& Stock::topval(const Stock& s) const
{
if (s.total_val > total_val)
return s;
else
return *this;
}
main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "Stock20.h"
using std::cout;
const int STKS = 4;
int main()
{
using std::cout;
Stock stocks[STKS] = {
Stock("NanoSmart", 12, 20.0),
Stock("Boffo Objects", 200, 2.0),
Stock("Monolithic Obelisks", 130, 3.25),
Stock("Fleep Enterprises", 60, 6.5)
};
cout << "Stock holding:\n";
int i;
for (i = 0; i < STKS; i++)
cout << stocks[i];
const Stock* top = &stocks[0];
for (i = 1; i < STKS; i++)
top = &top->topval(stocks[i]);
cout << "\nMost valuable holding:\n";
cout << *top;
return 0;
}
12-4
Stack.h
#ifndef STACK_H_
#define STACK_H_
typedef unsigned long Item;
class Stack
{
private:
enum { MAX = 10 };
Item* pitems;
int size;
int top;
public:
Stack(int n = MAX);
Stack(const Stack& st);
~Stack();
bool isempty() const;
bool isfull() const;
bool push(const Item& item);
bool pop(Item& item);
Stack& operator=(const Stack& st);
};
#endif // !STACK_H_
Stack.cpp
#include "Stack.h"
Stack::Stack(int n)
{
size = n;
pitems = new Item[n];
top = 0;
}
Stack::Stack(const Stack& st)
{
size = st.size;
pitems = new Item[size];
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
pitems[i] = st.pitems[i];
top = st.top;
}
Stack::~Stack()
{
delete[] pitems;
size = top = 0;
}
bool Stack::isempty() const
{
return top == 0;
}
bool Stack::isfull() const
{
return top == MAX;
}
bool Stack::push(const Item& item)
{
if (top < MAX)
{
pitems[top++] = item;
return true;
}
else
return false;
}
bool Stack::pop(Item& item)
{
if (top > 0)
{
item = pitems[--top];
return true;
}
else
return false;
}
Stack& Stack::operator=(const Stack& st)
{
if (this == &st)
return *this;
delete[] pitems;
size = st.size;
pitems = new Item[size];
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
pitems[i] = st.pitems[i];
top = st.top;
return *this;
}
main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <cctype>
#include "Stack.h"
int main()
{
using namespace std;
Stack pst;
Item j;
cout << pst.isempty() << endl;
cout << pst.isfull() << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
pst.push(i);
}
cout << pst.isfull() << endl;
Stack tst;
cout << tst.isempty() << endl;
tst = pst;
cout << tst.isempty() << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
tst.pop(j);
cout << j << " popped ";
}
return 0;
}
12-5
指针初始化为nullptr，和书上一样，尝试之后，发现(10, 100, 18)时在1min左右，(10,100,19)时一般大于1min，书上少了个<< "average queue size: "
queue.h
#ifndef QUEUE_H_
#define QUEUE_H_
class Customer
{
private:
long arrive;
int processtime;
public:
Customer() { arrive = processtime = 0; }
void set(long when);
long when() const { return arrive; }
int ptime() const { return processtime; }
};
typedef Customer Item;
class Queue
{
private:
struct Node { Item item; struct Node* next; };
enum { Q_SIZE = 10 };
Node* front;
Node* rear;
int items;
const int qsize;
Queue(const Queue& q): qsize(0) {}
Queue& operator=(const Queue& q) { return *this; }
public:
Queue(int qs = Q_SIZE);
~Queue();
bool isempty() const;
bool isfull() const;
int queuecount() const;
bool enqueue(const Item& item);
bool dequeue(Item& item);
};
#endif // !QUEUE_H_
queue.cpp
#include <cstdlib>
#include "queue.h"
Queue::Queue(int qs) : qsize(qs)
{
front = rear = nullptr;
items = 0;
}
Queue::~Queue()
{
Node* temp;
while (front != nullptr)
{
temp = front;
front = front->next;
delete temp;
}
}
bool Queue::isempty() const
{
return items == 0;
}
bool Queue::isfull() const
{
return items == qsize;
}
int Queue::queuecount() const
{
return items;
}
bool Queue::enqueue(const Item& item)
{
if (isfull())
return false;
Node* add = new Node;
add->item = item;
add->next = nullptr;
items++;
if (front == nullptr)
front = add;
else
rear->next = add;
rear = add;
return true;
}
bool Queue::dequeue(Item& item)
{
if (front == nullptr)
return false;
item = front->item;
items--;
Node* temp = front;
front = front->next;
delete temp;
if (items == 0)
rear = nullptr;
return true;
}
void Customer::set(long when)
{
processtime = std::rand() % 3 + 1;
arrive = when;
}
main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
#include "queue.h"
const int MIN_PER_HR = 60;
bool newcustomer(double x);
int main()
{
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::ios_base;
std::srand(std::time(0));
cout << "Case Study: Bank of Heather Automatic Teller\n";
cout << "Enter maximum size of queue: ";
int qs;
cin >> qs;
Queue line(qs);
cout << "Enter the number of simulation hours: ";
int hours;
cin >> hours;
long cyclelimit = MIN_PER_HR * hours;
cout << "Enter the average number of customers per hour: ";
double perhour;
cin >> perhour;
double min_per_cust;
min_per_cust = MIN_PER_HR / perhour;
Item temp;
long turnaways = 0;
long customers = 0;
long served = 0;
long sum_line = 0;
int wait_time = 0;
long line_wait = 0;
for (int cycle = 0; cycle < cyclelimit; cycle++)
{
if (newcustomer(min_per_cust))
{
if (line.isfull())
turnaways++;
else
{
customers++;
temp.set(cycle);
line.enqueue(temp);
}
}
if (wait_time <= 0 && !line.isempty())
{
line.dequeue(temp);
wait_time = temp.ptime();
line_wait += cycle - temp.when();
served++;
}
if (wait_time > 0)
wait_time--;
sum_line += line.queuecount();
}
if (customers > 0)
{
cout << "customers accepted: " << customers << endl;
cout << " customers served: " << served << endl;
cout << " turnaways: " << turnaways << endl;
cout.precision(2);
cout.setf(ios_base::fixed, ios_base::floatfield);
cout << "average queue size: "
<< (double)sum_line / cyclelimit << endl;
cout << " average wait time: "
<< (double)line_wait / served << " minutes\n";
}
else
cout << "No customers!\n";
cout << "Done!\n";
return 0;
}
bool newcustomer(double x)
{
return (std::rand() * x / RAND_MAX < 1);
}
12-6
加一个wait_time进行比较就行了，有个地方1和2写反了，研究了好久，看别人代码比较了半天才发现，以后一定要细心，（10,100,18）只需要0.34min了，（10,100,51）在1min左右，（10,100,52）超过1min
main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
#include "queue.h"
const int MIN_PER_HR = 60;
bool newcustomer(double x);
int main()
{
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::ios_base;
std::srand(std::time(0));
cout << "Case Study: Bank of Heather Automatic Teller\n";
cout << "Enter maximum size of queue: ";
int qs;
cin >> qs;
Queue line1(qs);
Queue line2(qs);
cout << "Enter the number of simulation hours: ";
int hours;
cin >> hours;
long cyclelimit = MIN_PER_HR * hours;
cout << "Enter the average number of customers per hour: ";
double perhour;
cin >> perhour;
double min_per_cust;
min_per_cust = MIN_PER_HR / perhour;
Item temp;
long turnaways = 0;
long customers = 0;
long served = 0;
long sum_line = 0;
int wait_time1 = 0;
int wait_time2 = 0;
long line_wait = 0;
for (int cycle = 0; cycle < cyclelimit; cycle++)
{
if (newcustomer(min_per_cust))
{
if (line1.isfull() && line2.isfull())
turnaways++;
else if (line1.queuecount() >= line2.queuecount())
{
customers++;
temp.set(cycle);
line2.enqueue(temp);
}
else
{
temp.set(cycle);
line1.enqueue(temp);
customers++;
}
}
if (wait_time1 <= 0 && !line1.isempty())
{
line1.dequeue(temp);
wait_time1 = temp.ptime();
line_wait += cycle - temp.when();
served++;
}
if (wait_time2 <= 0 && !line2.isempty())
{
line2.dequeue(temp);
wait_time2 = temp.ptime();
line_wait += cycle - temp.when();
served++;
}
if (wait_time1 > 0)
wait_time1--;
if (wait_time2 > 0)
wait_time2--;
sum_line += line1.queuecount() + line2.queuecount();
}
if (customers > 0)
{
cout << "customers accepted: " << customers << endl;
cout << " customers served: " << served << endl;
cout << " turnaways: " << turnaways << endl;
cout.precision(2);
cout.setf(ios_base::fixed, ios_base::floatfield);
cout << "average queue size: "
<< (double)sum_line / cyclelimit << endl;
cout << " average wait time: "
<< (double)line_wait / served << " minutes\n";
}
else
cout << "No customers!\n";
cout << "Done!\n";
return 0;
}
bool newcustomer(double x)
{
return (std::rand() * x / RAND_MAX < 1);
}
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