转自:https://www.cnblogs.com/digdeep/p/4518571.html
前言:
源码+实例:你、值得拥有
Spring的本质是一个bean工厂(beanFactory)或者说bean容器,它按照我们的要求,生产我们需要的各种各样的bean,提供给我们使用。只是在生产bean的过程中,需要解决bean之间的依赖问题,引入了依赖注入(DI)这种技术。也就是说依赖注入是beanFactory生产bean时为了解决bean之间的依赖的一种技术。
通过spring的bean工厂解决bean间的依赖问题,而且在实例化bean的各阶段也给我们提供了做些小动作的机会;
如何实现:两个阶段 启动 实例化
1、bean容器启动阶段
1)读取bean的xml配置文件,解析bean定义
将文件中每一个bean转换成BeanDefinition对象(其中保存了从配置文件中读取到的bean的各种信息)
public abstract class AbstractBeanDefinition extends BeanMetadataAttributeAccessor
implements BeanDefinition, Cloneable {
private volatile Object beanClass;
private String scope = SCOPE_DEFAULT;
private boolean abstractFlag = false;
private boolean lazyInit = false;
private int autowireMode = AUTOWIRE_NO;
private int dependencyCheck = DEPENDENCY_CHECK_NONE;
private String[] dependsOn;
private ConstructorArgumentValues constructorArgumentValues;
private MutablePropertyValues propertyValues;private String factoryBeanName;
private String factoryMethodName;
private String initMethodName;
private String destroyMethodName;
……
}
beanClass保存bean的class属性,scop保存bean是否单例,abstractFlag保存该bean是否抽象,
lazyInit保存是否延迟初始化,autowireMode保存是否自动装配,
dependencyCheck保存是否坚持依赖,dependsOn保存该bean依赖于哪些bean(这些bean必须提取初始化),
constructorArgumentValues保存通过构造函数注入的依赖,propertyValues保存通过setter方法注入的依赖,
factoryBeanName和factoryMethodName用于factorybean,也就是工厂类型的bean,
initMethodName和destroyMethodName分别对应bean的init-method和destory-method属性,比如:
<bean name="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" init-method="init" destroy-method="close">
读完配置文件之后,得到了很多的BeanDefinition对象;
2> 通过BeanDefinitionRegistry将这些bean注册到beanFactory中:
public interface BeanDefinitionRegistry extends AliasRegistry {
void registerBeanDefinition(String beanName, BeanDefinition beanDefinition)throws BeanDefinitionStoreException;
void removeBeanDefinition(String beanName) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;
BeanDefinition getBeanDefinition(String beanName) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;
boolean containsBeanDefinition(String beanName);
String[] getBeanDefinitionNames();
int getBeanDefinitionCount();
boolean isBeanNameInUse(String beanName);
}
BeanFactory的实现类,需要实现BeanDefinitionRegistry 接口:
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class DefaultListableBeanFactory extends AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory
implements ConfigurableListableBeanFactory, BeanDefinitionRegistry, Serializable {
/** Map of bean definition objects, keyed by bean name */
private final Map<String, BeanDefinition> beanDefinitionMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, BeanDefinition>(64);
@Override
public void registerBeanDefinition(String beanName, BeanDefinition beanDefinition)
throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
// ... ...
//BeanDefinition被注册到了 DefaultListableBeanFactory, 保存在它的一个ConcurrentHashMap中
this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);
// ... ...
}
将BeanDefinition注册到了beanFactory之后,在这里Spring为我们提供了一个扩展的切口,允许我们通过实现接口BeanFactoryPostProcessor 在此处来插入我们定义的代码:
public interface BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
/**
* Modify the application context's internal bean factory after its standard
* initialization. All bean definitions will have been loaded, but no beans
* will have been instantiated yet. This allows for overriding or adding
* properties even to eager-initializing beans.
* @param beanFactory the bean factory used by the application context
* @throws org.springframework.beans.BeansException in case of errors
*/
void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException;
}
典型的例子就是:PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer,我们一般在配置数据库的dataSource时使用到的占位符的值,就是它注入进去的:
public abstract class PropertyResourceConfigurer extends PropertiesLoaderSupport
implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor, PriorityOrdered {
@Override
public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
try {
Properties mergedProps = mergeProperties();
// Convert the merged properties, if necessary.
convertProperties(mergedProps);
// Let the subclass process the properties.
processProperties(beanFactory, mergedProps);
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new BeanInitializationException("Could not load properties", ex);
}
}
processProperties(beanFactory, mergedProps);在子类中实现的,功能就是将${jdbc_username}等等这些替换成实际值
<bean name="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" init-method="init" destroy-method="close">
<property name="url" value="${jdbc_url}" />
<property name="username" value="${jdbc_username}" />
<property name="password" value="${jdbc_password}" />
2、容器中bean实例化阶段
实例化阶段主要是通过反射或者CGLIB对bean进行实例化,在这个阶段Spring又给我们暴露了很多的扩展点:
1> 各种的Aware接口
比如 BeanFactoryAware,MessageSourceAware,ApplicationContextAware,Spring提供Aware接口能让Bean感知Spring容器的存在,即让Bean可以使用Spring容器所提供的资源,对于实现了这些Aware接口的bean,在实例化bean时Spring会帮我们注入对应的:BeanFactory, MessageSource,ApplicationContext的实例:
public interface BeanFactoryAware extends Aware {
/**
* Callback that supplies the owning factory to a bean instance.
* <p>Invoked after the population of normal bean properties
* but before an initialization callback such as
* {@link InitializingBean#afterPropertiesSet()} or a custom init-method.
* @param beanFactory owning BeanFactory (never {@code null}).
* The bean can immediately call methods on the factory.
* @throws BeansException in case of initialization errors
* @see BeanInitializationException
*/
void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException;
}
public interface ApplicationContextAware extends Aware {
/**
* Set the ApplicationContext that this object runs in.为object设置运行的应用上下文
* Normally this call will be used to initialize the object.通常这个调用用来实例化obj
* <p>Invoked after population of normal bean properties but before an init callback such
* as {@link 在正常bean属性的填充后调用,但在init回调之前如……调用org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean#afterPropertiesSet()}
* or a custom init-method. Invoked after {@link ResourceLoaderAware#setResourceLoader},
* {@link ApplicationEventPublisherAware#setApplicationEventPublisher} and
* {@link MessageSourceAware}, if applicable.
* @param applicationContext the ApplicationContext object to be used by this object
* @throws ApplicationContextException in case of context initialization errors
* @throws BeansException if thrown by application context methods
* @see org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanInitializationException
*/
void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException;
}
public interface MessageSourceAware extends Aware {
/**
* Set the MessageSource that this object runs in.
* <p>Invoked after population of normal bean properties but before an init
* callback like InitializingBean's afterPropertiesSet or a custom init-method.
* Invoked before ApplicationContextAware's setApplicationContext.
* @param messageSource message sourceto be used by this object
*/
void setMessageSource(MessageSource messageSource);
}
2> BeanPostProcessor接口
实现了BeanPostProcessor接口的bean,在实例化bean时Spring会帮我们调用接口中的方法:
public interface BeanPostProcessor {
/**
在任何Bean初始化回调之前将此BeanPostProcessor应用到给定的新bean实例
* Apply this BeanPostProcessor to the given new bean instance <i>before</i> any bean
* initialization callbacks (like InitializingBean's {@code afterPropertiesSet}
* or a custom init-method). The bean will already be populated with property values.
* The returned bean instance may be a wrapper around the original.*/
Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;
/**
* Apply this BeanPostProcessor to the given new bean instance <i>after</i> any bean
* initialization callbacks (like InitializingBean's {@code afterPropertiesSet}
* or a custom init-method). The bean will already be populated with property values.
* The returned bean instance may be a wrapper around the original.*/
Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;
}
从注释中可以知道 postProcessBeforeInitialization方法在 InitializingBean接口的 afterPropertiesSet方法之前执行,而postProcessAfterInitialization方法在 InitializingBean接口的afterPropertiesSet方法之后执行。
3> InitializingBean接口
实现了InitializingBean接口的bean,在实例化bean时Spring会帮我们调用接口中的方法:
public interface InitializingBean {
/**
在设置了提供的所有bean属性之后被bean factory调用
* Invoked by a BeanFactory after it has set all bean properties supplied
* (and satisfied BeanFactoryAware and ApplicationContextAware).
* <p>This method allows the bean instance to perform initialization only
* possible when all bean properties have been set and to throw an
* exception in the event of misconfiguration.
* @throws Exception in the event of misconfiguration (such
* as failure to set an essential property) or if initialization fails.
*/
void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception;
}
4> DisposableBean接口
实现了BeanPostProcessor接口的bean,在该bean死亡时Spring会帮我们调用接口中的方法
public interface DisposableBean {
/**
* Invoked by a BeanFactory on destruction of a singleton.
* @throws Exception in case of shutdown errors.
* Exceptions will get logged but not rethrown to allow
* other beans to release their resources too.
*/
void destroy() throws Exception;
}
InitializingBean接口 和 DisposableBean接口对应于 <bean /> 的 init-method 和 destory-method 属性,其经典的例子就是dataSource:
<bean name="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" init-method="init" destroy-method="close">
所以在Spring初始化 dataSource 这个bean之后会调用 DruidDataSource.init 方法:
public void init() throws SQLException {
// ... ...try {
lock.lockInterruptibly();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new SQLException("interrupt", e);
}
boolean init = false;
try {
connections = new DruidConnectionHolder[maxActive];
SQLException connectError = null;
try {
for (int i = 0, size = getInitialSize(); i < size; ++i) {
Connection conn = createPhysicalConnection();
DruidConnectionHolder holder = new DruidConnectionHolder(this, conn);
connections[poolingCount++] = holder;
}
if (poolingCount > 0) {
poolingPeak = poolingCount;
poolingPeakTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
} catch (SQLException ex) {
LOG.error("init datasource error", ex);
connectError = ex;
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
LOG.error("dataSource init error", e);
throw e;
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new SQLException(e.getMessage(), e);
} finally {
inited = true;
lock.unlock();
}
}
基本就是初始化数据库连接池。
在dataSource 这个bean死亡时会调用 DruidDataSource.close()方法:
public void close() {
lock.lock();
try {
for (int i = 0; i < poolingCount; ++i) {
try {
DruidConnectionHolder connHolder = connections[i];
for (PreparedStatementHolder stmtHolder : connHolder.getStatementPool().getMap().values()) {
connHolder.getStatementPool().closeRemovedStatement(stmtHolder);
}
connHolder.getStatementPool().getMap().clear();
Connection physicalConnection = connHolder.getConnection();
physicalConnection.close();
connections[i] = null;
destroyCount.incrementAndGet();
} catch (Exception ex) {
LOG.warn("close connection error", ex);
}
}
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
基本就是关闭连接池中的连接。
另外注解 @PostConstruct 和 @PreDestroy 也能达到 InitializingBean接口 和 DisposableBean接口的效果。
2. 总结
spring容器接管了bean的实例化,不仅仅是通过依赖注入达到了松耦合的效果,同时给我们提供了各种的扩展接口,来在bean的生命周期的各个时期插入我们自己的代码:
0)BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口(在容器启动阶段)
1)各种的Aware接口
2)BeanPostProcessor接口
3)InitializingBean接口(@PostConstruct, init-method)
4)DisposableBean接口(@PreDestroy, destory-method)