状态模式

        转载地址：https://blog.csdn.net/wuzhekai1985/article/details/6675799

        下面是C++代码实现。

#include <iostream> 
#include <string> 
#include <string.h> 
#include <list>
#include <math.h> 
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;



class War;
class State 
{
public:
	virtual void Prophase() {}
	virtual void Metaphase() {}
	virtual void Anaphase() {}
	virtual void End() {}
	virtual void CurrentState(War *war) {}
};
//战争
class War
{
private:
	State *m_state;  //目前状态
	int m_days;      //战争持续时间
public:
	War(State *state): m_state(state), m_days(0) {}
	~War() { delete m_state; }
	int GetDays() { return m_days; }
	void SetDays(int days) { m_days = days; }
	void SetState(State *state) { delete m_state; m_state = state; }
	void GetState() { m_state->CurrentState(this); }
};


//战争结束
class EndState: public State
{
public:
	void End(War *war) //结束阶段的具体行为
	{
		cout<<"战争结束"<<endl;
	}
	void CurrentState(War *war) { End(war); }
};
//后期
class AnaphaseState: public State
{
public:
	void Anaphase(War *war) //后期的具体行为
	{
		if(war->GetDays() < 30)
			cout<<"第"<<war->GetDays()<<"天：战争后期，双方拼死一搏"<<endl;
		else
		{
			war->SetState(new EndState());
			war->GetState();
		}
	}
	void CurrentState(War *war) { Anaphase(war); }
};

//中期
class MetaphaseState: public State
{
public:
	void Metaphase(War *war) //中期的具体行为
	{
		if(war->GetDays() < 20)
			cout<<"第"<<war->GetDays()<<"天：战争中期，进入相持阶段，双发各有损耗"<<endl;
		else
		{
			war->SetState(new AnaphaseState());
			war->GetState();
		}
	}
	void CurrentState(War *war) { Metaphase(war); }
};
//前期
class ProphaseState: public State
{
public:
	void Prophase(War *war)  //前期的具体行为
	{
		if(war->GetDays() < 10)
			cout<<"第"<<war->GetDays()<<"天：战争初期，双方你来我往，互相试探对方"<<endl;
		else
		{
			war->SetState(new MetaphaseState());
			war->GetState();
		}
	}
	void CurrentState(War *war) { Prophase(war); }
};


//测试案例
int main()
{
	War *war = new War(new ProphaseState());
	for(int i = 1; i < 40;i += 5)
	{
		war->SetDays(i);
		war->GetState();
	}
	delete war;
	return 0;
}

上面的场景通过战争时间来显示目前战争处在的状态，通过GetState函数和CurrentState调用到每个状态类里面对应的函数。状态模式把每个状态都单独分解出来。如果把所有的状态判断都放到一个类里面，就可以这个类的责任过大，无论任何状态都要通过这个类还改变，这就违背了单一指责原则，状态模式能将复杂的判断逻辑简单化。