Android 实践Activity与Service通信

在MainActivity中启动一个Service，Service中开启一个倒计时，在CountDownActivity中获取倒计时信息并更新UI。通过Binder实现Service与Activity的通信。 1.CountDownService

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.CountDownTimer;
import android.os.IBinder;

public class CountDownService extends Service{
	private MyBinder myBinder = new MyBinder();
	private OnCountDownListener onCountDownListener;
	private MyCountDownTimer cdTimer;
	private int min = 60;
	private boolean stopped = true;
	public void setOnCountDownListener(OnCountDownListener onCountDownListener) {
		this.onCountDownListener = onCountDownListener;
	}

<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>/**
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span> * 倒计时是否停止
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span> * @return
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span> */
	public boolean isStopped() {
		return stopped;
	}

	@Override
	public void onCreate() {
		super.onCreate();
	}
	@Override
	public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
		return myBinder;
	}
	
	@Override
	/**
	 * 为重新绑定是能调用该生命周期，onUnbind()需要返回return true;
	 */
	public void onRebind(Intent intent) {
		System.out.println("CountDownService.onRebind()");
		super.onRebind(intent);
	}

	@Override
	public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
		System.out.println("CountDownService.onUnbind()");
		return super.onUnbind(intent);
	}

	@Override
	public void unbindService(ServiceConnection conn) {
		System.out.println("CountDownService.unbindService()");
		super.unbindService(conn);
	}
	
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>/**
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span> * 开始倒计时
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span> */	
	public void startCountDown(){
		cdTimer = new MyCountDownTimer(min * 1000, 1000);
		cdTimer.start();
		stopped = false;
		if(onCountDownListener != null)onCountDownListener.onStartCountDown();
	}
	
	private class MyCountDownTimer extends CountDownTimer{

		public MyCountDownTimer(long millisInFuture, long countDownInterval) {
			super(millisInFuture, countDownInterval);
		}

		@Override
		public void onFinish() {
			if(onCountDownListener != null)onCountDownListener.onStopCountDown();
			stopped = true;
			cdTimer.cancel();
		}

		@Override
		public void onTick(long arg0) {
			if(onCountDownListener != null)onCountDownListener.onProgress((int)arg0 / 1000);
		}
		
	}
	
	public class MyBinder extends Binder{
		public CountDownService getService(){
			return CountDownService.this;
		}
	}
	
	public interface OnCountDownListener{
		public void onStartCountDown();
		public void onProgress(int cd);
		public void onStopCountDown();
	}
	
	@Override
	public void onDestroy() {
		cdTimer.cancel();
		stopSelf();
		super.onDestroy();
	}
}

内部类MyBinder继承自Binder，只有一个方法，就是获取到当前CoundDownService实例。

倒计时信息能被Activity收到是通过回调实现的。接口OnCountDownListener，需要在接收倒计时信息的Activity中实现，以获得倒计时的开始、进行、结束。

2.MainActivity

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	private Button bnStart;
	private CountDownService cdService;
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		findViewById(R.id.bn_bind).setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
			
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				bindService(new Intent(MainActivity.this, CountDownService.class), svcConn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
				bnStart.setEnabled(true);
			}
		});
		findViewById(R.id.bn_unbind).setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
			
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				unbindService(svcConn);
				bnStart.setEnabled(false);
			}
		});
		
		bnStart = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bn_start);
		bnStart.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
			
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				if(cdService.isStopped()){
					cdService.startCountDown();
				} else{
					Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "cd has started", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
				}
				startActivity(new Intent(MainActivity.this, CountDownActivity.class));
			}
		});
	}
	
	private ServiceConnection svcConn = new ServiceConnection() {
		
		@Override
		public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
			
		}
		
		@Override
		public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
			cdService = ((CountDownService.MyBinder)service).getService();
		}
	};
	
	@Override
	protected void onDestroy() {
		unbindService(svcConn);
		cdService.onDestroy();
		super.onDestroy();
	};
}

界面主要就是3个按钮，一个绑定，一个解除绑定，一个开始Service中的倒计时。

bindService()中需要传递一个ServiceConnection对象，通过其中的onServiceConnected()拿到Service中的Binder，本例中在通过Binder获取到Service实例。

点击开始按钮，其中倒计时，并打开一个新的Activity，在这个Activity中根据倒计时更新UI。

3.CountDownActivity

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import com.example.demo_servicebinder.CountDownService.OnCountDownListener;

public class CountDownActivity extends Activity implements OnCountDownListener{
	private TextView tv;
	
	private CountDownService cdService;
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_count_down);
		
		tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_cd);
		
		Intent intent = new Intent(this, CountDownService.class);
		bindService(intent, svcConn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
	}
	
	private ServiceConnection svcConn = new ServiceConnection() {
		
		@Override
		public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
			
		}
		
		@Override
		public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
			cdService = ((CountDownService.MyBinder)service).getService();
			cdService.setOnCountDownListener(CountDownActivity.this);
		}
	};
	@Override
	public void onStartCountDown() {
		Toast.makeText(this, "start", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
	}

	@Override
	public void onProgress(int cd) {
		tv.setText(cd + "秒后结束");
	}

	@Override
	public void onStopCountDown() {
		Toast.makeText(this, "onstop", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
	}
	
	@Override
	protected void onDestroy() {
		unbindService(svcConn);
		super.onDestroy();
	}
}

首先，需要绑定已经启动的Service，得到CountDownService。

这个Activity实现OnCountDownListener接口，实现那三个方法，就可以在相应的方法里更新UI了。
onCreate中对bindService的调用应该是异步的，所以不能够立即建立service连接已获取得到绑定结果。也就是说不能在onCreate的bindService后紧接着执行绑定后的结果，这个时候service对象还没有被获取到，是一个空的。绑定后要执行的方法应该写在onServiceConnected里面。