Spring Boot使用单元测试 (Controller以及Shiro的测试)
如果你是按照maven生成的文件夹结构存放类文件,需要注意的是test文件夹的包名要和main文件夹的一样,Test类需要和启动类的包名一样,不然单元测试会找不到启动类
一 测试Controller
spring boot整合spring mvc之前关于web测试的插件,其测试类的注解以简化为
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class AppTest {
// 模拟MVC对象,通过MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build()初始化。
private MockMvc mockMvc;
// 注入WebApplicationContext
@Autowired
private WebApplicationContext wac; @Before
public void setup() {
mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build();
}
}
其测试类的编写是通过调用mockMvc的方法来模拟web交互,举个例子
@Test
public void testGetUserList() throws Exception {
MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(get("/getAllUser"))
.andReturn();// 返回执行请求的结果
System.out.println(result.getResponse().getContentAsString());
}
传参自然也是可以做到的,若要传JSON数据,可以使用JSON操作类将数据转化为json格式
@Test
public void testRegister() throws Exception {
MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(post("/UserRegister")
.accept(MediaType.parseMediaType("application/json;charset=UTF-8"))
.param("name", "1234")
.param("password", "1234"))
.andReturn();// 返回执行请求的结果
System.out.println(result.getResponse().getContentAsString());
}
使用时注意get和post方法的调用,否则测试时会报错
二 Shiro测试
个人见解:mockMVC并不适合用来调试shiro,博主在测试使用shiro的登陆验证后并不能对权限进行进一步验证,而且shiro的注解并不能被解析,shiro的过滤只能通过一开始的配置实现。。。,能测试的也只有这个功能
在shiro的各种配置没有问题的情况下,如果测试时出现了如下的报错
org.springframework.web.util.NestedServletException: Request processing failed; nested exception is org.springframework.expression.spel.SpelEvaluationException: EL1008E: Property or field 'timestamp' cannot be found on object of type 'java.util.HashMap' - maybe not public?
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:982)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doPost(FrameworkServlet.java:872)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:661)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:846)
at org.springframework.test.web.servlet.TestDispatcherServlet.service(TestDispatcherServlet.java:65)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:742)
at org.springframework.mock.web.MockFilterChain$ServletFilterProxy.doFilter(MockFilterChain.java:160)
at org.springframework.mock.web.MockFilterChain.doFilter(MockFilterChain.java:127)
at org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc.perform(MockMvc.java:155)
at com.lvluo.blog.AppTest.testRegister(AppTest.java:70)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:26)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:75)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:86)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:84)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:252)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:94)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:191)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Caused by: org.springframework.expression.spel.SpelEvaluationException: EL1008E: Property or field 'timestamp' cannot be found on object of type 'java.util.HashMap' - maybe not public?
则原因有三个,一个可能是shiro的过滤器没有添加进测试环境,这种情况的就解决方案如下:
DefaultMockMvcBuilder builder = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac);
builder.addFilters((javax.servlet.Filter) wac.getBean("shiroFilter"));
mockMvc = builder.build();
其中的shiroFilter
为shiro过滤器的bean名
而另外一种情况则是shiro的权限验证问题,测试环境下默认注解比初始化时直接在filter的bean那边配置要低,这就可能造成上述出错
最后一种就是get和post方法不匹配,写的时候要注意