安卓中的SOAP消息和WebService

1、SOAP消息
简单对象访问协议（Simple Object Access Protocol,SOAP）是一种标准化的通信规范，主要用于Web服务（Web Service）。
SOAP使用Internet应用层协议作为其传输协议。SMTP及HTTP协议都可以用来传输SOAP消息，SOAP亦可以通过HTTPS传输。一条SOAP消息就是一个普通的XML文档，包含下列元素：
（1）必须的Envelope元素，可把此XML文档标识为一条SOAP消息。
（2）可选的Header元素，包含头部信息。
（3）必须的Body元素，包含所有的调用和响应消息。
（4）可选的Fault元素，提供有关在处理此消息时发生错误的信息。
SOAP消息的重要语法规则如下：
（1）SOAP消息必须使用XML来编码。
（2）SOAP消息必须使用SOAP Envelope命名空间。
（3）SOAP消息必须使用SOAP Encoding命名空间。
（4）SOAP消息不能包含DTD引用。
（5）SOAP消息不能包含XML处理指令。

2、调用WebService
SOAP调用WebService的具体步骤如下：

步骤一：添加ksoap2包。可以从网址http://code.google.com/p/ksoap2-android/下载，然后将下载的ksoap2-android-assembly-2.4-jar-with-dependencies.jar包复制到Eclipse工程的lib目录中，当然也可以放在其他的目录里。在Eclipse中引用这个jar包。

步骤二：指定WebService的命名空间和调用的方法名，如：
SoapObject request = new SoapObject(http://service, “getName”);
SoapObject类的第一个参数表示WebService的命名空间，可以从WSDL文档中找到WebService的命名空间；第二个参数表示要调用的WebService方法名。

步骤三：设置调用方法的参数值，如果没有参数，可以省略。设置方法的参数值的代码如下：
request.addProperty(“param1”,”value”);
request.addProperty(“param2”,”value”);
要注意的是，addProperty方法的第一个参数虽然表示调用方法的参数名，但该参数值并不一定与服务端的WebService类中的方法参数名一致，只要设置参数的顺序一致即可。

步骤四：生成调用WebService方法的SOAP请求信息。该信息由SoapSerializationEnvelope对象描述，代码如下：
SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope=new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
envelope.bodyOut=request;
envelope.dotNet=true;
创建SoapSerializationEnvelope对象时需要通过SoapSerializationEnvelope类的构造方法设置SOAP协议的版本号。该版本号需要根据服务端WebService的版本号设置。在创建SoapSerializationEnvelope对象后，不要忘了设置SoapSerializationEnvelope类的bodyOut属性，该属性的值就是在步骤2创建的SoapObject对象。

步骤五：创建HttpTransportSE对象。通过HttpTransportSE类的构造方法可以指定WebService的WSDL文档的URL。
HttpTransportSE ht=new HttpTransportSE (“http://……asmx?wsdl”);

步骤六：使用call方法调用WebService方法，代码如下：
ht.call(null,envelope);
call方法的第一个参数一般为null,第2个参数就是在步骤四创建的SoapSerializationEnvelope对象。

步骤七：使用getResponse方法获得WebService方法的返回结果，代码如下：
SoapObject soapObject=(SoapObject)envelope.getResponse();

步骤八：解析返回的内容。

3、代码示例

public class WebServiceProvider {
    static final String NAMESPACE = "http://WebXml.com.cn/";
    static String endPoint;
    static String methodName;
    static String soapAction;

    public static String getPhoneSource(String phoneNum) {
        methodName = "getMobileCodeInfo";
        endPoint = "http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx";
        soapAction = NAMESPACE + methodName;

        SoapObject rpc = new SoapObject(NAMESPACE, methodName);
        // 设置需调用WebService接口需要传入的两个参数mobileCode、userId，不可以随便写，必须和提供的参数名相同
        rpc.addProperty("mobileCode", phoneNum);
        rpc.addProperty("userID", "");
        // 生成调用WebService方法的SOAP请求信息,并指定SOAP的版本
        SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(
                SoapEnvelope.VER11);
        envelope.bodyOut = rpc;
        // 设置是否调用的是dotNet开发的WebService
        envelope.dotNet = true;
        // 等价于envelope.bodyOut = rpc;
        HttpTransportSE transport = new HttpTransportSE(endPoint);

        // 调用WebService
        try {
            transport.call(soapAction, envelope);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 获取返回的数据
        SoapObject object = (SoapObject) envelope.bodyIn;

        // 获取返回的结果
        String result = object.getProperty("getMobileCodeInfoResult")
                .toString();
        return result;
    }

    public static String[] getProvinceList() {
        methodName = "getRegionProvince";
        endPoint = "http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWS.asmx";
        soapAction = NAMESPACE + methodName;

        String[] provinceStrings;
        SoapObject rpc = new SoapObject(NAMESPACE, methodName);     
        // 生成调用WebService方法的SOAP请求信息,并指定SOAP的版本
        SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(
                SoapEnvelope.VER11);
        envelope.bodyOut = rpc;
        // 设置是否调用的是dotNet开发的WebService
        envelope.dotNet = true;
        HttpTransportSE transport = new HttpTransportSE(endPoint);

        // 调用WebService
        try {
            transport.call(soapAction, envelope);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 获取返回的数据
        SoapObject object = (SoapObject) envelope.bodyIn;
        SoapObject provinceSoapObject = (SoapObject) object
                .getProperty("getRegionProvinceResult");

        provinceStrings = new String[provinceSoapObject.getPropertyCount()];
        for (int i = 0; i < provinceSoapObject.getPropertyCount(); i++) {
            String provinceString = provinceSoapObject.getProperty(i)
                    .toString().split(",")[0];
            provinceStrings[i] = provinceString;
        }
        return provinceStrings;
    }

    public static String[] getCityList(String provinceString) {
        methodName = "getSupportCityString ";
        endPoint = "http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWS.asmx";
        soapAction = NAMESPACE + methodName;

        String[] cityStrings;
        SoapObject rpc = new SoapObject(NAMESPACE, methodName);
        // 设置需调用WebService接口需要传入的两个参数mobileCode、userId，不可以随便写，必须和提供的参数名相同
        rpc.addProperty("theRegionCode", provinceString);
        rpc.addProperty("userID", "你的ID");
        // 生成调用WebService方法的SOAP请求信息,并指定SOAP的版本
        SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(
                SoapEnvelope.VER11);
        envelope.bodyOut = rpc;
        // 设置是否调用的是dotNet开发的WebService
        envelope.dotNet = true;
        HttpTransportSE transport = new HttpTransportSE(endPoint);

        // 调用WebService
        try {
            transport.call(soapAction, envelope);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 获取返回的数据
        SoapObject object = (SoapObject) envelope.bodyIn;
        SoapObject citySoapObject = (SoapObject) object
                .getProperty("getSupportCityStringResult");

        cityStrings = new String[citySoapObject.getPropertyCount()];
        for (int i = 0; i < citySoapObject.getPropertyCount(); i++) {
            String cityString = citySoapObject.getProperty(i).toString()
                    .split(",")[0];
            cityStrings[i] = cityString;
        }
        return cityStrings;
    }

    public static HashMap<String, String> getWeather(String cityString) {
        methodName = "getWeather";
        endPoint = "http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWS.asmx";
        soapAction = NAMESPACE + methodName;

        HashMap<String, String> weatherInfos;
        SoapObject rpc = new SoapObject(NAMESPACE, methodName);
        // 设置需调用WebService接口需要传入的两个参数mobileCode、userId，不可以随便写，必须和提供的参数名相同
        rpc.addProperty("theCityCode", cityString);
        rpc.addProperty("theUserID", "你的ID");
        // 生成调用WebService方法的SOAP请求信息,并指定SOAP的版本
        SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(
                SoapEnvelope.VER11);
        envelope.bodyOut = rpc;
        // 设置是否调用的是dotNet开发的WebService
        envelope.dotNet = true;
        HttpTransportSE transport = new HttpTransportSE(endPoint);

        // 调用WebService
        try {
            transport.call(soapAction, envelope);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 获取返回的数据
        SoapObject object = (SoapObject) envelope.bodyIn;
        SoapObject weatherSoapObject = (SoapObject) object
                .getProperty("getWeatherResult");

        String todayDate = weatherSoapObject.getPropertyAsString(3);// 日期
        String todayTemp = "气温："+weatherSoapObject.getPropertyAsString(4).split("；")[0].split("：")[2];// 温度
        String todayWind = weatherSoapObject.getPropertyAsString(4).split("；")[1];// 风力
        String todayHumidity=weatherSoapObject.getPropertyAsString(4).split("；")[2];// 湿度       
        String todayImage = weatherSoapObject.getPropertyAsString(10);//图片

        String tomorrowDate=weatherSoapObject.getPropertyAsString(12).split(" ")[0];// 明日时间
        String tomorrowWeather=weatherSoapObject.getPropertyAsString(12).split(" ")[1];// 明日天气
        String tomorrowImage = weatherSoapObject.getPropertyAsString(15);//明日图片
        String tomorrowTemp = weatherSoapObject.getPropertyAsString(13);// 明日温度

        String tomorrow2Date=weatherSoapObject.getPropertyAsString(17).split(" ")[0];// 后天时间
        String tomorrow2Weather=weatherSoapObject.getPropertyAsString(17).split(" ")[1];// 明日天气
        String tomorrow2Image = weatherSoapObject.getPropertyAsString(20);//后天图片
        String tomorrow2Temp = weatherSoapObject.getPropertyAsString(18);// 后天温度

        String tomorrow3Date=weatherSoapObject.getPropertyAsString(22).split(" ")[0];// 大后天时间
        String tomorrow3Weather=weatherSoapObject.getPropertyAsString(22).split(" ")[1];// 明日天气
        String tomorrow3Image = weatherSoapObject.getPropertyAsString(25);//大后天图片
        String tomorrow3Temp = weatherSoapObject.getPropertyAsString(23);// 大后天温度

        weatherInfos = new HashMap<String, String>();
        weatherInfos.put("todayDate", todayDate);
        weatherInfos.put("todayTemp", todayTemp);
        weatherInfos.put("todayWind", todayWind);
        weatherInfos.put("todayHumidity", todayHumidity);
        weatherInfos.put("todayImage", todayImage);

        weatherInfos.put("tomorrowDate", tomorrowDate);
        weatherInfos.put("tomorrowWeather", tomorrowWeather);
        weatherInfos.put("tomorrowImage", tomorrowImage);
        weatherInfos.put("tomorrowTemp", tomorrowTemp);

        weatherInfos.put("tomorrow2Date", tomorrow2Date);
        weatherInfos.put("tomorrow2Weather", tomorrow2Weather);
        weatherInfos.put("tomorrow2Image", tomorrow2Image);
        weatherInfos.put("tomorrow2Temp", tomorrow2Temp);

        weatherInfos.put("tomorrow3Date", tomorrow3Date);
        weatherInfos.put("tomorrow3Weather", tomorrow3Weather);
        weatherInfos.put("tomorrow3Image", tomorrow3Image);
        weatherInfos.put("tomorrow3Temp", tomorrow3Temp);

        return weatherInfos;            
    }

    public static ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> getFlightTimeList(String startCity,String lastCity,String flightDate) 
    {
        methodName = "getDomesticAirlinesTime";
        endPoint = "http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/webservices/DomesticAirline.asmx";
        soapAction = NAMESPACE + methodName;

        ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> flights=new ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>();
        SoapObject rpc = new SoapObject(NAMESPACE, methodName);
        // 设置需调用WebService接口需要传入的两个参数mobileCode、userId，不可以随便写，必须和提供的参数名相同
        rpc.addProperty("startCity", startCity);
        rpc.addProperty("lastCity", lastCity);
        rpc.addProperty("theDate", flightDate);
        rpc.addProperty("userID", "你的ID");
        // 生成调用WebService方法的SOAP请求信息,并指定SOAP的版本
        SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(
                SoapEnvelope.VER11);
        envelope.bodyOut = rpc;
        // 设置是否调用的是dotNet开发的WebService
        envelope.dotNet = true;
        HttpTransportSE transport = new HttpTransportSE(endPoint);

        // 调用WebService
        try {
            transport.call(soapAction, envelope);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 获取返回的数据
        SoapObject object = (SoapObject) envelope.bodyIn;
        SoapObject airLinesTimeSoapObject = (SoapObject) object
                .getProperty("getDomesticAirlinesTimeResult");
        SoapObject airLinesSoapObject=(SoapObject)((SoapObject)airLinesTimeSoapObject.getProperty(1))
                .getProperty(0);

        HashMap<String, String> mMap=new HashMap<String, String>();
        mMap.put("航空公司", "航空公司");
        mMap.put("出发时间", "出发时间");
        mMap.put("到达时间", "到达时间");
        mMap.put("出发机场", "出发机场");
        mMap.put("到达机场", "到达机场");
        flights.add(mMap);
        for(int i=0;i<airLinesSoapObject.getPropertyCount();i++)
        {
            SoapObject airLineSoapObject=(SoapObject) airLinesSoapObject.getProperty(i);
            HashMap<String, String> flightHashMap=new HashMap<String, String>();
            flightHashMap.put("航空公司",airLineSoapObject.getProperty("Company") .toString());
            flightHashMap.put("出发机场",airLineSoapObject.getProperty("StartDrome") .toString());
            flightHashMap.put("到达机场",airLineSoapObject.getProperty("ArriveDrome") .toString());
            flightHashMap.put("出发时间",airLineSoapObject.getProperty("StartTime") .toString());
            flightHashMap.put("到达时间",airLineSoapObject.getProperty("ArriveTime") .toString());
            flights.add(flightHashMap);
        }
        return flights;
    }

    public static ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> getTrainTimeList(String startStation,String arriveStation) 
    {
        methodName = "getStationAndTimeByStationName";
        endPoint = "http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/TrainTimeWebService.asmx";
        soapAction = NAMESPACE + methodName;

        ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> trains=new ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>();
        SoapObject rpc = new SoapObject(NAMESPACE, methodName);
        // 设置需调用WebService接口需要传入的两个参数mobileCode、userId，不可以随便写，必须和提供的参数名相同
        rpc.addProperty("StartStation", startStation);
        rpc.addProperty("ArriveStation", arriveStation);
        rpc.addProperty("UserID", "你的ID");
        // 生成调用WebService方法的SOAP请求信息,并指定SOAP的版本
        SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(
                SoapEnvelope.VER11);
        envelope.bodyOut = rpc;
        // 设置是否调用的是dotNet开发的WebService
        envelope.dotNet = true;
        HttpTransportSE transport = new HttpTransportSE(endPoint);

        // 调用WebService
        try {
            transport.call(soapAction, envelope);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 获取返回的数据
        SoapObject object = (SoapObject) envelope.bodyIn;
        SoapObject trainsSoapObject = (SoapObject) object
                .getProperty("getStationAndTimeByStationNameResult");
        SoapObject trainsTimeSoapObject=(SoapObject)((SoapObject)trainsSoapObject.getProperty(1))
                .getProperty(0);

        HashMap<String, String> mMap=new HashMap<String, String>();
        mMap.put("车次", "车次");
        mMap.put("出发时间", "出发时间");
        mMap.put("到达时间", "到达时间");
        mMap.put("时长", "时长");
        trains.add(mMap);
        for(int i=0;i<trainsTimeSoapObject.getPropertyCount();i++)
        {
            SoapObject trainTimeSoapObject=(SoapObject) trainsTimeSoapObject.getProperty(i);
            HashMap<String, String> trainHashMap=new HashMap<String, String>();
            trainHashMap.put("车次",trainTimeSoapObject.getProperty("TrainCode") .toString());
            trainHashMap.put("出发时间",trainTimeSoapObject.getProperty("StartTime") .toString());
            trainHashMap.put("到达时间",trainTimeSoapObject.getProperty("ArriveTime") .toString());
            trainHashMap.put("时长",trainTimeSoapObject.getProperty("UseDate") .toString());
            trains.add(trainHashMap);
        }
        return trains;
    }
}