[Leetcode] 543. Diameter of Binary Tree 解题报告

题目：

Given a binary tree, you need to compute the length of the diameter of the tree. The diameter of a binary tree is the length of the longestpath between any two nodes in a tree. This path may or may not pass through the root.

Example:
Given a binary tree 

          1
         / \
        2   3
       / \     
      4   5    

Return 3, which is the length of the path [4,2,1,3] or [5,2,1,3].

Note: The length of path between two nodes is represented by the number of edges between them.

思路：

对于以root为根节点的树来说，其最大半径有两种可能性，一种是该半径经过root，另一种是不经过root。这又可以分为三种情况进行讨论：1）root是叶子结点。此时直接返回0即可；2）root只有一个子树，那么其最大半径既有可能是子树的最大半径，也有可能是root的高度；3）root有两棵子树，那么其最大半径既有可能是两个子树中某个的最大半径，也有可能是经过root的一条半径，而经过root的最大半径一定是左子树的高度加上右子树的高度再加上2。

代码：

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    int diameterOfBinaryTree(TreeNode* root) {
        if (!root) {
            return 0;
        }
        int height = getHeight(root), right_ret, left_ret;
        if (!root->left && !root->right) {
            return 0;
        }
        else if (!root->left) {     // only have right subtree
            right_ret = diameterOfBinaryTree(root->right);
            return max(height, right_ret);
        }
        else if (!root->right) {    // only have left subtree
            left_ret = diameterOfBinaryTree(root->left);
            return max(height, left_ret);
        }
        else {
            left_ret = diameterOfBinaryTree(root->left);
            right_ret = diameterOfBinaryTree(root->right);
            int left_height = getHeight(root->left);
            int right_height = getHeight(root->right);
            return max(left_height + right_height + 2, max(left_ret, right_ret));
        }
    }
private:
    int getHeight(TreeNode *root) {     // root cannot be NULL
        if (!root->left && !root->right) {      // leaf
            return 0;
        }
        else if (!root->left) {
            return getHeight(root->right) + 1;
        }
        else if (!root->right) {
            return getHeight(root->left) + 1;
        }
        else {
            return max(getHeight(root->left), getHeight(root->right)) + 1;
        }
    }
};