[Leetcode] 732. My Calendar III 解题报告

题目：

Implement a MyCalendarThree class to store your events. A new event can always be added.

Your class will have one method, book(int start, int end). Formally, this represents a booking on the half open interval [start, end), the range of real numbers x such that start <= x < end.

A K-booking happens when K events have some non-empty intersection (ie., there is some time that is common to all K events.)

For each call to the method MyCalendar.book, return an integer K representing the largest integer such that there exists a K-booking in the calendar.

Your class will be called like this:  MyCalendarThree cal = new MyCalendarThree();   MyCalendarThree.book(start, end)

Example 1:

MyCalendarThree();
MyCalendarThree.book(10, 20); // returns 1
MyCalendarThree.book(50, 60); // returns 1
MyCalendarThree.book(10, 40); // returns 2
MyCalendarThree.book(5, 15); // returns 3
MyCalendarThree.book(5, 10); // returns 3
MyCalendarThree.book(25, 55); // returns 3
Explanation: 
The first two events can be booked and are disjoint, so the maximum K-booking is a 1-booking.
The third event [10, 40) intersects the first event, and the maximum K-booking is a 2-booking.
The remaining events cause the maximum K-booking to be only a 3-booking.
Note that the last event locally causes a 2-booking, but the answer is still 3 because
eg. [10, 20), [10, 40), and [5, 15) are still triple booked.

Note:

• The number of calls to MyCalendarThree.book per test case will be at most 400.
• In calls to MyCalendarThree.book(start, end), start and end are integers in the range [0, 10^9].

  思路：

  和[Leetcode] 731. My Calendar II 解题报告的思路一致：我们首先计算s将覆盖多少个线段，以及计算哪些start points将覆盖线段[s,e)，并更新其对应的count，最后将s插入map中。不过我们最后需要扫描一遍map，以便找出最多覆盖的线段数。这样算法的空间复杂度和时间复杂度都是O(n)。

  我直觉这道题目也应该可以用线段树解决：每次遇到一个[s,e)，则我们可以在O(logN)的时间复杂度内将其分割（如果有必要），并且加入到线段树中。最后遍历线段树中结点，找出其出现次数最多者，返回即可。不过这样算法的空间复杂度和时间复杂度仍然是O(n)，没有本质上的提高。有兴趣的读者可以尝试实现。

  代码：

  class MyCalendarThree {
  public:
      MyCalendarThree() {
          
      }
      
      int book(int start, int end) {
          // step 1: find the segments that s covers
          int cnt = 0;
          for (auto &v : st) {
              if (v.first <= start && v.second > start) {
                  ++cnt;
              }
          }
          // step 2: update the start points that cover [s,e)
          for (auto it = mp.lower_bound(start); it != mp.end() && it->first < end; ++it) {
              ++it->second;
          }
          mp[start] = cnt + 1;
          st.push_back({start, end});
          cnt = 0;
          for (auto it = mp.begin(); it != mp.end(); ++it) {
              cnt = max(cnt, it->second);
          }
          return cnt;
      }
  private:
      vector<pair<int,int>> st;   // all the segments
      map<int,int> mp;            // map from start points to counts
  };
  
  /**
   * Your MyCalendarThree object will be instantiated and called as such:
   * MyCalendarThree obj = new MyCalendarThree();
   * int param_1 = obj.book(start,end);
   */