https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1603725
概述
在ASOC小节中描述了整个ASOC的架构,其中Machine是ASOC架构中的关键部件,没有Machine部件,单独的Codec和Platform是无法工作的。因此本节则先从Machine部分开始,那应该如何开始呢? 答案当然是从代码入手,先进入ASOC在kernel中的位置: kernel/sound/soc下
root@test:~/test/kernel/sound/soc$ ls adi au1x blackfin codecs dwc generic jz4740 kirkwood mxs omap rockchip sh soc-cache.c soc-core.c soc-devres.c soc-io.c soc-pcm.c spear txx9 atmel bcm cirrus davinci fsl intel Kconfig Makefile nuc900 pxa samsung sirf soc-compress.c soc-dapm.c soc-generic-dmaengine-pcm.c soc-jack.c soc-utils.c tegra ux500
此目录下就是当前支持ASOC架构的平台,在这里以samsung架构做为参考。kernel版本: 3.18
Machine代码分析
samsung平台的machine代码选择为: s3c24xx_uda134x.c
此代码先注册平台驱动s3c24xx_uda134x_driver, 当平台驱动和平台设备(以前在arch下,目前在dt中配置)的名字想匹配的时候,就会调用平台驱动中的probe函数s3c24xx_uda134x_probe。
s3c24xx_uda134x_snd_device = platform_device_alloc("soc-audio", -1); if (!s3c24xx_uda134x_snd_device) { printk(KERN_ERR "S3C24XX_UDA134X SoC Audio: " "Unable to register\n"); return -ENOMEM; } platform_set_drvdata(s3c24xx_uda134x_snd_device,&snd_soc_s3c24xx_uda134x);
此出分配名字为"soc-audio"的平台设备,然后将snd_soc_s3c24xx_uda134x设置到平台设备的dev->driver_data中。关于snd_soc_s3c24xx_uda134x结构在后面说明。
既然此处注册"soc-audio"的设备,就会存在名字为"soc-audio"的驱动,搜索"soc-audio",就会发现在soc-core.c中存在。
/* ASoC platform driver */ static struct platform_driver soc_driver = { .driver = { .name = "soc-audio", .owner = THIS_MODULE, .pm = &snd_soc_pm_ops, }, .probe = soc_probe, .remove = soc_remove, }; static int __init snd_soc_init(void) { snd_soc_util_init(); return platform_driver_register(&soc_driver); }
当platform_device和platform_driver相匹配的话,就会调用soc_probe函数。
static int soc_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) { struct snd_soc_card *card = platform_get_drvdata(pdev); /* * no card, so machine driver should be registering card * we should not be here in that case so ret error */ if (!card) return -EINVAL; dev_warn(&pdev->dev, "ASoC: machine %s should use snd_soc_register_card()\n", card->name); /* Bodge while we unpick instantiation */ card->dev = &pdev->dev; return snd_soc_register_card(card); }
此处会调用snd_soc_register_card,会在ASOC core中注册一个card。 此处的card就是snd_soc_s3c24xx_uda134x结构。接下来谈论此结构的作用。
static struct snd_soc_ops s3c24xx_uda134x_ops = { .startup = s3c24xx_uda134x_startup, .shutdown = s3c24xx_uda134x_shutdown, .hw_params = s3c24xx_uda134x_hw_params, }; static struct snd_soc_dai_link s3c24xx_uda134x_dai_link = { .name = "UDA134X", .stream_name = "UDA134X", .codec_name = "uda134x-codec", .codec_dai_name = "uda134x-hifi", .cpu_dai_name = "s3c24xx-iis", .ops = &s3c24xx_uda134x_ops, .platform_name = "s3c24xx-iis", }; static struct snd_soc_card snd_soc_s3c24xx_uda134x = { .name = "S3C24XX_UDA134X", .owner = THIS_MODULE, .dai_link = &s3c24xx_uda134x_dai_link, .num_links = 1, };
其中dai_link结构就是用作连接platform和codec的,指明到底用那个codec,那个platfrom。那是通过什么指定的? 如果有兴趣可以详细看snd_soc_dai_link的注释,此注释写的非常清楚。
struct snd_soc_dai_link { /* config - must be set by machine driver */ const char *name; /* Codec name */ const char *stream_name; /* Stream name */ /* * You MAY specify the link's CPU-side device, either by device name, * or by DT/OF node, but not both. If this information is omitted, * the CPU-side DAI is matched using .cpu_dai_name only, which hence * must be globally unique. These fields are currently typically used * only for codec to codec links, or systems using device tree. */ const char *cpu_name; struct device_node *cpu_of_node; /* * You MAY specify the DAI name of the CPU DAI. If this information is * omitted, the CPU-side DAI is matched using .cpu_name/.cpu_of_node * only, which only works well when that device exposes a single DAI. */ const char *cpu_dai_name; /* * You MUST specify the link's codec, either by device name, or by * DT/OF node, but not both. */ const char *codec_name; struct device_node *codec_of_node; /* You MUST specify the DAI name within the codec */ const char *codec_dai_name; struct snd_soc_dai_link_component *codecs; unsigned int num_codecs; /* * You MAY specify the link's platform/PCM/DMA driver, either by * device name, or by DT/OF node, but not both. Some forms of link * do not need a platform. */ const char *platform_name; struct device_node *platform_of_node; int be_id; /* optional ID for machine driver BE identification */ const struct snd_soc_pcm_stream *params; unsigned int dai_fmt; /* format to set on init */ enum snd_soc_dpcm_trigger trigger[2]; /* trigger type for DPCM */ /* Keep DAI active over suspend */ unsigned int ignore_suspend:1; /* Symmetry requirements */ unsigned int symmetric_rates:1; unsigned int symmetric_channels:1; unsigned int symmetric_samplebits:1; /* Do not create a PCM for this DAI link (Backend link) */ unsigned int no_pcm:1; /* This DAI link can route to other DAI links at runtime (Frontend)*/ unsigned int dynamic:1; /* DPCM capture and Playback support */ unsigned int dpcm_capture:1; unsigned int dpcm_playback:1; /* pmdown_time is ignored at stop */ unsigned int ignore_pmdown_time:1; /* codec/machine specific init - e.g. add machine controls */ int (*init)(struct snd_soc_pcm_runtime *rtd); /* optional hw_params re-writing for BE and FE sync */ int (*be_hw_params_fixup)(struct snd_soc_pcm_runtime *rtd, struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params); /* machine stream operations */ const struct snd_soc_ops *ops; const struct snd_soc_compr_ops *compr_ops; /* For unidirectional dai links */ bool playback_only; bool capture_only; };
.cpu_dai_name: 用于指定cpu侧的dai名字,也就是所谓的cpu侧的数字音频接口,一般都是i2S接口。如果省略则会使用cpu_name/cou_of_name。
.codec_dai_name: 用于codec侧的dai名字,不可以省略。
.codec_name: 用于指定codec芯片。不可以省略。
.platform_name: 用于指定cpu侧平台驱动,通常都是DMA驱动,用于传输。
.ops: audio的相关操作函数集合。
再次回到snd_soc_register_card函数中,继续分析Machine的作用。
1. 根据struct snd_soc_dai_link结构体的个数,此处是一个,检测下需要设置的name是否已经设置。
if (link->platform_name && link->platform_of_node) { dev_err(card->dev, "ASoC: Both platform name/of_node are set for %s\n",link->name); return -EINVAL; }
2. 分配一个struct snd_soc_pcm_runtime结构,然后根据num_links,设置card,复制dai_link等。
card->rtd = devm_kzalloc(card->dev,sizeof(struct snd_soc_pcm_runtime) * (card->num_links + card->num_aux_devs),GFP_KERNEL); if (card->rtd == NULL) return -ENOMEM; card->num_rtd = 0; card->rtd_aux = &card->rtd[card->num_links]; for (i = 0; i < card->num_links; i++) { card->rtd[i].card = card; card->rtd[i].dai_link = &card->dai_link[i]; card->rtd[i].codec_dais = devm_kzalloc(card->dev, sizeof(struct snd_soc_dai *) * (card->rtd[i].dai_link->num_codecs), GFP_KERNEL); if (card->rtd[i].codec_dais == NULL) return -ENOMEM; }
3. 然后所有的重点工作全部在snd_soc_instantiate_card函数中实现。
分析snd_soc_instantiate_card函数的实际操作:
1. 根据num_links的值,进行DAIs的bind工作。第一步先bind cpu侧的dai
cpu_dai_component.name = dai_link->cpu_name; cpu_dai_component.of_node = dai_link->cpu_of_node; cpu_dai_component.dai_name = dai_link->cpu_dai_name; rtd->cpu_dai = snd_soc_find_dai(&cpu_dai_component); if (!rtd->cpu_dai) { dev_err(card->dev, "ASoC: CPU DAI %s not registered\n", dai_link->cpu_dai_name); return -EPROBE_DEFER; }
此处dai_link就是在machine中注册的struct snd_soc_dai_link结构体,cpu_dai_name也就是注册的name,最后通过snd_soc_find_dai接口出查找。
static struct snd_soc_dai *snd_soc_find_dai( const struct snd_soc_dai_link_component *dlc) { struct snd_soc_component *component; struct snd_soc_dai *dai; /* Find CPU DAI from registered DAIs*/ list_for_each_entry(component, &component_list, list) { if (dlc->of_node && component->dev->of_node != dlc->of_node) continue; if (dlc->name && strcmp(component->name, dlc->name)) continue; list_for_each_entry(dai, &component->dai_list, list) { if (dlc->dai_name && strcmp(dai->name, dlc->dai_name)) continue; return dai; } } return NULL; }
此函数会在component_list链表中先找到相同的name,然后在component->dai_list中查找是否有相同的dai_name。此处的component_list是在注册codec和platform中的时候设置的。会在codec和platform的时候会详细介绍。在此处找到注册的cpu_dai之后,存在snd_soc_pcm_runtime中的cpu_dai中。
2. 然后根据codec的数据,寻找codec侧的dai。
/* Find CODEC from registered CODECs */ for (i = 0; i < rtd->num_codecs; i++) { codec_dais[i] = snd_soc_find_dai(&codecs[i]); if (!codec_dais[i]) { dev_err(card->dev, "ASoC: CODEC DAI %s not registered\n", codecs[i].dai_name); return -EPROBE_DEFER; } }
然后将找到的codec侧的dai也同样赋值给snd_soc_pcm_runtime中的codec_dai中。
3. 在platform_list链表中查找platfrom,根据dai_link中的platform_name域。如果没有platform_name,则设置为"snd-soc-dummy"
/* if there's no platform we match on the empty platform */ platform_name = dai_link->platform_name; if (!platform_name && !dai_link->platform_of_node) platform_name = "snd-soc-dummy"; /* find one from the set of registered platforms */ list_for_each_entry(platform, &platform_list, list) { if (dai_link->platform_of_node) { if (platform->dev->of_node != dai_link->platform_of_node) continue; } else { if (strcmp(platform->component.name, platform_name)) continue; } rtd->platform = platform; }
这样查找完毕之后,snd_soc_pcm_runtime中存储了查找到的codec, dai, platform。
4. 接着初始化注册的codec cache,cache_init代表是否已经初始化过。
/* initialize the register cache for each available codec */ list_for_each_entry(codec, &codec_list, list) { if (codec->cache_init) continue; ret = snd_soc_init_codec_cache(codec); if (ret < 0) goto base_error; }
5. 然后调用ALSA中的创建card的函数: snd_card_new创建一个card
/* card bind complete so register a sound card */ ret = snd_card_new(card->dev, SNDRV_DEFAULT_IDX1, SNDRV_DEFAULT_STR1, card->owner, 0, &card->snd_card); if (ret < 0) { dev_err(card->dev, "ASoC: can't create sound card for card %s: %d\n", card->name, ret); goto base_error; }
6. 然后依次调用各个子部件的probe函数
/* initialise the sound card only once */ if (card->probe) { ret = card->probe(card); if (ret < 0) goto card_probe_error; } /* probe all components used by DAI links on this card */ for (order = SND_SOC_COMP_ORDER_FIRST; order <= SND_SOC_COMP_ORDER_LAST; order++) { for (i = 0; i < card->num_links; i++) { ret = soc_probe_link_components(card, i, order); if (ret < 0) { dev_err(card->dev, "ASoC: failed to instantiate card %d\n", ret); goto probe_dai_err; } } } /* probe all DAI links on this card */ for (order = SND_SOC_COMP_ORDER_FIRST; order <= SND_SOC_COMP_ORDER_LAST; order++) { for (i = 0; i < card->num_links; i++) { ret = soc_probe_link_dais(card, i, order); if (ret < 0) { dev_err(card->dev, "ASoC: failed to instantiate card %d\n", ret); goto probe_dai_err; } } }
7. 在soc_probe_link_dais函数中依次调用了cpu_dai, codec_dai侧的probe函数
/* probe the cpu_dai */ if (!cpu_dai->probed && cpu_dai->driver->probe_order == order) { if (cpu_dai->driver->probe) { ret = cpu_dai->driver->probe(cpu_dai); if (ret < 0) { dev_err(cpu_dai->dev, "ASoC: failed to probe CPU DAI %s: %d\n", cpu_dai->name, ret); return ret; } } cpu_dai->probed = 1; } /* probe the CODEC DAI */ for (i = 0; i < rtd->num_codecs; i++) { ret = soc_probe_codec_dai(card, rtd->codec_dais[i], order); if (ret) return ret;
8. 最终调用到soc_new_pcm函数创建pcm设备:
if (!dai_link->params) { /* create the pcm */ ret = soc_new_pcm(rtd, num); if (ret < 0) { dev_err(card->dev, "ASoC: can't create pcm %s :%d\n", dai_link->stream_name, ret); return ret; }
最中此函数会调用ALSA的标准创建pcm设备的接口: snd_pcm_new,然后会设置pcm相应的ops操作函数集合。然后调用到platform->driver->pcm_new的函数。此处不帖函数了。
9. 接着会在dapm和dai widget做相应的操作,后期会设置control参数,最终会调用到ALSA的注册card的函数snd_card_register。
ret = snd_card_register(card->snd_card); if (ret < 0) { dev_err(card->dev, "ASoC: failed to register soundcard %d\n", ret); goto probe_aux_dev_err; }
总结: 经过Machine的驱动的注册,Machine会根据注册以"soc_audio"为名字的平台设备,然后在同名的平台的驱动的probe函数中,会根据snd_soc_dai_link结构体中的name,进行匹配查找相应的codec, codec_dai,platform, cpu_dai。找到之后将这些值全部放入结构体snd_soc_pcm_runtime的相应位置,然后注册card,依次调用codec, platform,cpu_dai侧相应的probe函数进行初始化,接着创建pcm设备,注册card到系统中。其实ASOC也就是在ALSA的基础上又再次封装了一次,让写驱动更方便,简便。
这样封装之后,就可以大大简化驱动的编写,关于Machine驱动需要做的:
1. 注册名为"soc-audio"的平台设备。
2. 分配一个struct snd_soc_card结构体,然后设置其中的dai_link。对其中的dai_link再次设置。
3. 将struct snd_soc_card结构放入到平台设备的dev的私有数据中。
4. 注册平台设备。