正确使用Block避免Cycle Retain和Crash

最新推荐文章于 2021-12-11 09:50:09 发布
最新推荐文章于 2021-12-11 09:50:09 发布
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Block简介

Block作为C语言的扩展，并不是高新技术，和其他语言的闭包或lambda表达式是一回事。需要注意的是由于Objective-C在iOS中不支持GC机制，使用Block必须自己管理内存，而内存管理正是使用Block坑最多的地方，错误的内存管理 要么导致return cycle内存泄漏要么内存被提前释放导致crash。 Block的使用很像函数指针，不过与函数最大的不同是：Block可以访问函数以外、词法作用域以内的外部变量的值。换句话说，Block不仅 实现函数的功能，还能携带函数的执行环境。

可以这样理解，Block其实包含两个部分内容

  1. Block执行的代码，这是在编译的时候已经生成好的；
  2. 一个包含Block执行时需要的所有外部变量值的数据结构。 Block将使用到的、作用域附近到的变量的值建立一份快照拷贝到栈上。

Block与函数另一个不同是，Block类似ObjC的对象，可以使用自动释放池管理内存（但Block并不完全等同于ObjC对象，后面将详细说明）。

Block基本语法

<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">9</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">10</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">11</span>
</span>
 
// 声明一个Block变量
long (^sum) (int, int) = nil;
// sum是个Block变量，该Block类型有两个int型参数，返回类型是long。

// 定义Block并赋给变量sum
sum = ^ long (int a, int b) {
  return a + b;
};

// 调用Block：
long s = sum(1, 2);

定义一个实例函数，该函数返回Block：

<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">9</span>
</span>
 
- (long (^)(int, int)) sumBlock {
    int base = 100;
    return [[ ^ long (int a, int b) {
      return base + a + b;
    } copy] autorelease];
  }

// 调用Block
[self sumBlock](1,2);

是不是感觉很怪？为了看的舒服，我们把Block类型typedef一下

<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">9</span>
</span>
 
typedef long (^BlkSum)(int, int);

- (BlkSum) sumBlock {
    int base = 100;
    BlkSum blk = ^ long (int a, int b) {
      return base + a + b;
    }
    return [[blk copy] autorelease];
}

Block在内存中的位置

根据Block在内存中的位置分为三种类型NSGlobalBlock，NSStackBlock, NSMallocBlock。

  • NSGlobalBlock：类似函数，位于text段；
  • NSStackBlock：位于栈内存，函数返回后Block将无效；
  • NSMallocBlock：位于堆内存。
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">9</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">10</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">11</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">12</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">13</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">14</span>
</span>
 
BlkSum blk1 = ^ long (int a, int b) {
  return a + b;
};
NSLog(@"blk1 = %@", blk1);// blk1 = <__NSGlobalBlock__: 0x47d0>


int base = 100;
BlkSum blk2 = ^ long (int a, int b) {
  return base + a + b;
};
NSLog(@"blk2 = %@", blk2); // blk2 = <__NSStackBlock__: 0xbfffddf8>

BlkSum blk3 = [[blk2 copy] autorelease];
NSLog(@"blk3 = %@", blk3); // blk3 = <__NSMallocBlock__: 0x902fda0>

为什么blk1类型是NSGlobalBlock，而blk2类型是NSStackBlock？blk1和blk2的区别在于，blk1没有使用Block以外的任何外部变量，Block不需要建立局部变量值的快照，这使blk1与函数没有任何区别，从blk1所在内存地址0x47d0猜测编译器把blk1放到了text代码段。blk2与blk1唯一不同是的使用了局部变量base，在定义（注意是定义，不是运行）blk2时，局部变量base当前值被copy到栈上，作为常量供Block使用。执行下面代码，结果是203，而不是204。

<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">7</span>
</span>
 
  int base = 100;
  base += 100;
  BlkSum sum = ^ long (int a, int b) {
    return base + a + b;
  };
  base++;
  printf("%ld",sum(1,2));

在Block内变量base是只读的，如果想在Block内改变base的值，在定义base时要用 __block修饰：__block int base = 100;。

<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">9</span>
</span>
 
  __block int base = 100;
  base += 100;
  BlkSum sum = ^ long (int a, int b) {
    base += 10;
    return base + a + b;
  };
  base++;
  printf("%ld\n",sum(1,2));
  printf("%d\n",base);

输出将是214,211。Block中使用__block修饰的变量时，将取变量此刻运行时的值，而不是定义时的快照。这个例子中，执行sum(1,2)时，base将取base++之后的值，也就是201，再执行Blockbase+=10; base+a+b，运行结果是214。执行完Block时，base已经变成211了。

Block的copy、retain、release操作

不同于NSObjec的copy、retain、release操作：

  • Block_copy与copy等效，Block_release与release等效；
  • 对Block不管是retain、copy、release都不会改变引用计数retainCount，retainCount始终是1；
  • NSGlobalBlock：retain、copy、release操作都无效；
  • NSStackBlock：retain、release操作无效，必须注意的是，NSStackBlock在函数返回后，Block内存将被回收。即使retain也没用。容易犯的错误是[[mutableAarry addObject:stackBlock]，在函数出栈后，从mutableAarry中取到的stackBlock已经被回收，变成了野指针。正确的做法是先将stackBlock copy到堆上，然后加入数组：[mutableAarry addObject:[[stackBlock copy] autorelease]]。支持copy，copy之后生成新的NSMallocBlock类型对象。
  • NSMallocBlock支持retain、release，虽然retainCount始终是1，但内存管理器中仍然会增加、减少计数。copy之后不会生成新的对象，只是增加了一次引用，类似retain；
  • 尽量不要对Block使用retain操作。

Block对不同类型的变量的存取

基本类型
  • 局部自动变量，在Block中只读。Block定义时copy变量的值，在Block中作为常量使用，所以即使变量的值在Block外改变，也不影响他在Block中的值。
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">7</span>
</span>
 
int base = 100;
BlkSum sum = ^ long (int a, int b) {
  // base++; 编译错误，只读
  return base + a + b;
};
base = 0;
printf("%ld\n",sum(1,2)); // 这里输出是103，而不是3
  • static变量、全局变量。如果把上个例子的base改成全局的、或static。Block就可以对他进行读写了。因为全局变量或静态变量在内存中的地址是固定的，Block在读取该变量值的时候是直接从其所在内存读出，获取到的是最新值，而不是在定义时copy的常量。
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">9</span>
</span>
 
static int base = 100;
BlkSum sum = ^ long (int a, int b) {
  base++;
  return base + a + b;
};
base = 0;
printf("%d\n", base);
printf("%ld\n",sum(1,2)); // 这里输出是3，而不是103
printf("%d\n", base);

输出结果是0 4 1，表明Block外部对base的更新会影响Block中的base的取值，同样Block对base的更新也会影响Block外部的base值。

  • Block变量，被__block修饰的变量称作Block变量。 基本类型的Block变量等效于全局变量、或静态变量。
Block被另一个Block使用时，另一个Block被copy到堆上时，被使用的Block也会被copy。但作为参数的Block是不会发生copy的。
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">9</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">10</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">11</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">12</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">13</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">14</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">15</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">16</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">17</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">18</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">19</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">20</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">21</span>
</span>
 
void foo() {
  int base = 100;
  BlkSum blk = ^ long (int a, int b) {
    return  base + a + b;
  };
  NSLog(@"%@", blk); // <__NSStackBlock__: 0xbfffdb40>
  bar(blk);
}

void bar(BlkSum sum_blk) {
  NSLog(@"%@",sum_blk); // 与上面一样，说明作为参数传递时，并不会发生copy

  void (^blk) (BlkSum) = ^ (BlkSum sum) {
    NSLog(@"%@",sum);     // 无论blk在堆上还是栈上，作为参数的Block不会发生copy。
    NSLog(@"%@",sum_blk); // 当blk copy到堆上时，sum_blk也被copy了一分到堆上上。
  };
  blk(sum_blk); // blk在栈上

  blk = [[blk copy] autorelease];
  blk(sum_blk); // blk在堆上
}
ObjC对象，不同于基本类型，Block会引起对象的引用计数变化。

先看下面代码

<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">9</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">10</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">11</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">12</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">13</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">14</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">15</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">16</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">17</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">18</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">19</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">20</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">21</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">22</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">23</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">24</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">25</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">26</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">27</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">28</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">29</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">30</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">31</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">32</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">33</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">34</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">35</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">36</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">37</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">38</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">39</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">40</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">41</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">42</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">43</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">44</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">45</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">46</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">47</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">48</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">49</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">50</span>
</span>
 
@interface MyClass : NSObject {
    NSObject* _instanceObj;
}
@end

@implementation MyClass

NSObject* __globalObj = nil;

- (id) init {
    if (self = [super init]) {
        _instanceObj = [[NSObject alloc] init];
    }
    return self;
}

- (void) test {
    static NSObject* __staticObj = nil;
    __globalObj = [[NSObject alloc] init];
    __staticObj = [[NSObject alloc] init];

    NSObject* localObj = [[NSObject alloc] init];
    __block NSObject* blockObj = [[NSObject alloc] init];

    typedef void (^MyBlock)(void) ;
    MyBlock aBlock = ^{
        NSLog(@"%@", __globalObj);
        NSLog(@"%@", __staticObj);
        NSLog(@"%@", _instanceObj);
        NSLog(@"%@", localObj);
        NSLog(@"%@", blockObj);
    };
    aBlock = [[aBlock copy] autorelease];
    aBlock();

    NSLog(@"%d", [__globalObj retainCount]);
    NSLog(@"%d", [__staticObj retainCount]);
    NSLog(@"%d", [_instanceObj retainCount]);
    NSLog(@"%d", [localObj retainCount]);
    NSLog(@"%d", [blockObj retainCount]);
}
@end

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        MyClass* obj = [[[MyClass alloc] init] autorelease];
        [obj test];
        return 0;
    }
}

执行结果为1 1 1 2 1。

__globalObj和__staticObj在内存中的位置是确定的，所以Block copy时不会retain对象。

_instanceObj在Block copy时也没有直接retain _instanceObj对象本身，但会retain self。所以在Block中可以直接读写_instanceObj变量。

localObj在Block copy时，系统自动retain对象，增加其引用计数。

blockObj在Block copy时也不会retain。

非ObjC对象，如GCD队列dispatch_queue_t。Block copy时并不会自动增加他的引用计数，这点要非常小心。

Block中使用的ObjC对象的行为

<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">6</span>
</span>
 
@property (nonatomic, copy) void(^myBlock)(void);

MyClass* obj = [[[MyClass alloc] init] autorelease];
self.myBlock = ^ {
  [obj doSomething];
};

对象obj在Block被copy到堆上的时候自动retain了一次。因为Block不知道obj什么时候被释放，为了不在Block使用obj前被释放，Block retain了obj一次，在Block被释放的时候，obj被release一次。

retain cycle

retain cycle问题的根源在于Block和obj可能会互相强引用，互相retain对方，这样就导致了retain cycle，最后这个Block和obj就变成了孤岛，谁也释放不了谁。比如：

<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span>
</span>
 
ASIHTTPRequest *request = [ASIHTTPRequest requestWithURL:url];
[request setCompletionBlock:^{
  NSString* string = [request responseString];
}];

<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">6</span>
</span>
 
       +-----------+           +-----------+
       | request   |           |   Block   |
  ---> |           | --------> |           |
       | retain 2  | <-------- | retain 1  |
       |           |           |           |
       +-----------+           +-----------+

解决这个问题的办法是使用弱引用打断retain cycle：

<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span>
</span>
 
__block ASIHTTPRequest *request = [ASIHTTPRequest requestWithURL:url];
[request setCompletionBlock:^{
  NSString* string = [request responseString];
}];

<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">6</span>
</span>
 
      +-----------+           +-----------+
      | request   |           |   Block   |
 ---->|           | --------> |           |
      | retain 1  | < - - - - | retain 1  |
      |           |   weak    |           |
      +-----------+           +-----------+

request被持有者释放后。request 的retainCount变成0,request被dealloc，request释放持有的Block，导致Block的retainCount变成0，也被销毁。这样这两个对象内存都被回收。

<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">6</span>
</span>
 
      +-----------+           +-----------+
      | request   |           |   Block   |
 --X->|           | ----X---> |           |
      | retain 0  | < - - - - | retain 0  |
      |           |   weak    |           |
      +-----------+           +-----------+

与上面情况类似的陷阱：

<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>
</span>
 
self.myBlock = ^ {
  [self doSomething];
};

这里self和myBlock循环引用，解决办法同上：

<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span>
</span>
 
__block MyClass* weakSelf = self;
self.myBlock = ^ {
  [weakSelf doSomething];
};

<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span>
</span>
 
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString* someVar;

self.myBlock = ^ {
  NSLog(@"%@", _someVer);
};

这里在Block中虽然没直接使用self，但使用了成员变量。在Block中使用成员变量，retain的不是这个变量，而会retain self。解决办法也和上面一样。

<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">6</span>
</span>
 
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString* someVar;

__block MyClass* weakSelf = self;
self.myBlock = ^ {
  NSLog(@"%@", weakSelf.someVer);
};

或者

<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span>
</span>
 
NSString* str = _someVer;
self.myBlock = ^ {
  NSLog(@"%@", str);
};

retain cycle不只发生在两个对象之间，也可能发生在多个对象之间，这样问题更复杂，更难发现

<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span>
</span>
 
ClassA* objA = [[[ClassA alloc] init] autorelease];
  objA.myBlock = ^{
    [self doSomething];
  };
  self.objA = objA;

<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">9</span>
</span>
 
  +-----------+           +-----------+           +-----------+
  |   self    |           |   objA    |           |   Block   |
  |           | --------> |           | --------> |           |
  | retain 1  |           | retain 1  |           | retain 1  |
  |           |           |           |           |           |
  +-----------+           +-----------+           +-----------+
       ^                                                |
       |                                                |
       +------------------------------------------------+

解决办法同样是用__block打破循环引用

<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">7</span>
</span>
 
ClassA* objA = [[[ClassA alloc] init] autorelease];

MyClass* weakSelf = self;
objA.myBlock = ^{
  [weakSelf doSomething];
};
self.objA = objA;

注意：MRC中__block是不会引起retain；但在ARC中__block则会引起retain。ARC中应该使用__weak或__unsafe_unretained弱引用。__weak只能在iOS5以后使用。

Block使用对象被提前释放

看下面例子，有这种情况，如果不只是request持有了Block，另一个对象也持有了Block。

<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">6</span>
</span>
 
      +-----------+           +-----------+
      | request   |           |   Block   |   objA
 ---->|           | --------> |           |<--------
      | retain 1  | < - - - - | retain 2  |
      |           |   weak    |           |
      +-----------+           +-----------+

这时如果request 被持有者释放。

<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">6</span>
</span>
 
      +-----------+           +-----------+
      | request   |           |   Block   |   objA
 --X->|           | --------> |           |<--------
      | retain 0  | < - - - - | retain 1  |
      |           |   weak    |           |
      +-----------+           +-----------+

这时request已被完全释放，但Block仍被objA持有，没有释放，如果这时触发了Block，在Block中将访问已经销毁的request，这将导致程序crash。为了避免这种情况，开发者必须要注意对象和Block的生命周期。

另一个常见错误使用是，开发者担心retain cycle错误的使用__block。比如

<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span>
</span>
 
__block kkProducView* weakSelf = self;
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
  weakSelf.xx = xx;
});

将Block作为参数传给dispatch_async时，系统会将Block拷贝到堆上，如果Block中使用了实例变量，还将retain self，因为dispatch_async并不知道self会在什么时候被释放，为了确保系统调度执行Block中的任务时self没有被意外释放掉，dispatch_async必须自己retain一次self，任务完成后再release self。但这里使用__block，使dispatch_async没有增加self的引用计数，这使得在系统在调度执行Block之前，self可能已被销毁，但系统并不知道这个情况，导致Block被调度执行时self已经被释放导致crash。

<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">9</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">10</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">11</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">12</span>
</span>
 
// MyClass.m
- (void) test {
  __block MyClass* weakSelf = self;
  double delayInSeconds = 10.0;
  dispatch_time_t popTime = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(delayInSeconds * NSEC_PER_SEC));
  dispatch_after(popTime, dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^(void){
    NSLog(@"%@", weakSelf);
});

// other.m
MyClass* obj = [[[MyClass alloc] init] autorelease];
[obj test];

这里用dispatch_after模拟了一个异步任务，10秒后执行Block。但执行Block的时候MyClass* obj已经被释放了，导致crash。解决办法是不要使用__block。

Block不会对c数组捕获

char cArray[] = ['1', '2', '3'];

^{

NSLog(@"--%c---", cArray[1]); //错误

}


const char cArray[] = ['1', '2', '3'];

^{

NSLog(@"--%c---", cArray[1]); //正确

}


Ansel_m
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专栏目录
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这是继小程序的坑了解而来： 代码+看图会更明确。发现放程序会跳行效果不好，后来加了一张图。   显示：内联 内联元素，简单的说就是具有此性质元素都会在同一行显示，除非这一行排列不下了才会在下一行显示，而且设置的宽度，高度属性都无效。 显示：块 块级元素，简单来说具有此性质的元素会独占一行，此时可以设置称重以及高度属性。 显示：内联块  结合了直列以及块各自的属性，就是在同一...
block产生的内存泄漏以及解决方案（以及扩展）
CatStarXcode的博客
03-03 1265
1.前言：在ARC（自动引用技术）前，Objective-c都是手动来分配释放 释放 计数内存，其过程非常复杂。ARC技术推出后，貌似世界和平了很多，但是其实ARC并不等同于Java或者C#中的垃圾回收，ARC计数只是在XCode在编译的时候自动帮我们加上了释放 计数+1 计数-1.内存泄露例子：然而在一些特殊的情况下，内存泄露依然存在，而且防不慎防，这里讲一下Objective-C中Block计...
objective-c启用ARC时的内存管理
06-04
在objective-c中，内存的引用计数一直是一个让人比较...似乎ARC的出现只是让我们解放了双手，由于底层实现依然依赖引用计数，所以开启ARC后，只有对引用计数机制更加了解，才能避免Cycle Retain、Crash等问题的出现。
iOS Abort 问题系统性解决方案
weixin_52460277的博客
07-01 839
一、背景 崩溃(Crash)，即闪退，多指移动设备（如 iOS、Android 设备）在打开/使用应用程序的过程中，突然出现意外退出/中断的情况。如果 App 线上版本频繁发生崩溃，会极大地影响用户体验，甚至导致用户流失，以及收益减少。因此，崩溃问题是客户端稳定性团队需要重点解决的问题。 然而，对于所有崩溃场景，仅 25%的崩溃可通过信号量捕获，实施相应改进；另有 75%的崩溃则难以识别，从而对 App 的用户体验，造成了巨大的潜在影响。1111111.png Facebook 的工程师将 App 退出分为
Block 到底啥时候会崩溃
weixin_33834075的博客
05-18 287
block可以说是OC一项非常好用的功能。block的本质，实际上是『带有自动变量值的匿名函数』。但是在block的使用上，有各种江湖传说，说在某某情况下，block的使用是不安全的，会造成崩溃。于是也有很多面试题喜欢考察block。但是，实际的block的不安全使用，貌似除了循环引用，也没遇到过什么情况啊？我敢说，block在现如今的i...
block crash的情形
kaka
10-28 696
另一个常见错误使用是，开发者担心retain cycle错误的使用__block。比如 1 2 3 4 __block kkProducView* weakSelf = self; dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{ weakSelf.xx = xx; }); 将Block作为参数传
Block 中使用成员变量引发crash分析
熊仙森滴Blog
08-28 1031
Block 中使用成员变量引发crash 有如下一段代码块，在执行这段代码时有时候会触发crash void(^test)() = ^() { __strong typeof (weakSelf)strongSelf = weakSelf; strongSelf -> _xx = xxx; //引发crash strongSelf.yy = yyy; // 不会引发crash [strongSelf doSomething]; [stron
block专递参数导致野指针引发crash
weixin_30511107的博客
09-04 431
一、问题引入 　　近日开发中引入一个随机crash，Crash堆栈如下： 　　 Exception Type: SIGSEGV Exception Codes: SEGV_ACCERR at 0x0000000101850148 Crashed Thread: 0 Thread 0 Crashed: 0 libobjc.A.dylib ...
IOS中的block和retain cycle
A Story of Hello World
07-17 198
  retain cycle 的产生     说到retain cycle，首先要提一下Objective-C的内存管理机制。 作为C语言的超集，Objective-C延续了C语言中手动管理内存的方式，但是区别于C++的极其非人道的内存管理，Objective-C提出了一些机制来减少内存管理的难度。 比如：内存计数。 在Objective-C中，凡是继承自NSObject的类都提供了两...
NSString和block的属性时copy，而不用retain 而容器类使用retain
zhz459880251的博客
10-14 1114
NSString 为什么要使用copy，而不是retain 1、首先如果使用retain，只是引用计数+1，并没有生成新的对象，所以效率好 2、但是使用copy安全。因为NSString为NSMutableString 的基类，如果将NSMutableString 以retain的形式赋值给NSString后，后续修改NSMutableString会导致NSString内容的变化，这通常不是我们希望
在使用block过程中，经常会遇到retain cycle的问题
andy_jiangbin的专栏
10-17 662
SDWebImage库里的函数： - (void)setImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url placeholderImage:(UIImage *)placeholder options:(SDWebImageOptions)options progress:(SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)progressBlock completed:(S
iOS 启动就crash，难复现。最后确定是MobFoundation问题
郭晓东的专栏
05-08 3029
       最近iOS版本客户端崩溃率在1.5%左右，排名最高的是这个栈。当然，fabric已经说明，是内存错乱造成的，崩溃栈已经不准确了。没有复现导致开发很难查这个crash（根据栈提示，好像是block的问题，其实不然）#0. Crashed: com.apple.main-thread 0 libobjc.A.dylib 0x1843c57f4 objc_o...
Captureing ‘self’ strongly in this block is likely to lead to a retain cycle Block的Retain Cycle的解决方法
hufeng825的专栏
12-14 1626
一个使用Block语法的实例变量，在引用另一个实例变量的时候，经常会引起retain cycle。这个问题在使用ASIHTTPRequest的block语法的时候会时不时的碰到。这个问题困扰了我这个小白很久。终于有一天，在Advanced Mac OS X Programming上，看到了这个问题的解决方案。 先用代码描述一下症状： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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